Boden Collaboration for Obesity, Nutrition, Exercise & Eating Disorders, Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2006, Australia.
Sydney Medical School, Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2006, Australia.
Nutrients. 2021 Apr 20;13(4):1382. doi: 10.3390/nu13041382.
Evidence from animal models indicates that maternal diet during pregnancy affects offspring cardiometabolic health. Improving carbohydrate quality during high-risk pregnancies reduces aortic intima-medial thickness; a marker for early atherosclerosis; in the infant offspring. We sought to determine whether maternal carbohydrate quantity and quality are associated with newborn aortic intima-medial thickness in healthy pregnancies. Maternal diet throughout pregnancy was evaluated in 139 mother-child dyads using a validated food frequency questionnaire. Carbohydrate intake was expressed as quantity (% total energy), quality (fibre, glycaemic index), and glycaemic burden (glycaemic load). Aortic intima-medial thickness was measured by high-frequency ultrasound of the neonatal abdominal aorta. Neither quantity nor quality of maternal carbohydrate intake during pregnancy was associated with meaningful differences in offspring maximum aortic intima-medial thickness with the exception of fibre intake in women with overweight or obesity which was inversely associated (-8 μm [95% CI -14, -1] per g fibre, = 0.04). In healthy pregnancy, the quantity and quality of maternal carbohydrate intake is likely not a meaningful modifiable lifestyle factor for influencing offspring vascular health. The effect of carbohydrate quality may only be evident in high-risk pregnancies, consistent with previous findings. These findings may be confirmed in prospective dietary trials in pregnancy.
动物模型研究表明，妊娠期间的母体饮食会影响后代的心脏代谢健康。在高危妊娠期间改善碳水化合物质量可降低婴儿后代的主动脉内膜中层厚度；这是动脉粥样硬化早期的一个标志物。我们试图确定健康妊娠期间母体碳水化合物的数量和质量是否与新生儿主动脉内膜中层厚度有关。在 139 对母婴对子中，使用经过验证的食物频率问卷评估了整个孕期的母体饮食。碳水化合物的摄入量表示为数量（占总能量的百分比）、质量（纤维、血糖指数）和血糖负荷（血糖量）。通过新生儿腹部主动脉的高频超声测量主动脉内膜中层厚度。除了超重或肥胖女性的纤维摄入量与后代最大主动脉内膜中层厚度存在显著差异（每克纤维减少 8μm[95%CI-14，-1]， = 0.04）外，妊娠期间母体碳水化合物摄入量的数量和质量与后代最大主动脉内膜中层厚度的差异无明显相关性。在健康妊娠中，母体碳水化合物的数量和质量可能不是影响后代血管健康的重要可改变生活方式因素。碳水化合物质量的影响可能仅在高危妊娠中显现，这与之前的研究结果一致。这些发现可能在妊娠期间的前瞻性饮食试验中得到证实。
