Phang Melinda, Dissanayake Hasthi U, McMullan Rowena L, Hyett Jon, Gordon Adrienne, Garg Manohar L, Skilton Michael R
Boden Institute of Obesity, Nutrition, Exercise and Eating Disorders, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.
Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.
Curr Dev Nutr. 2018 Oct 18;3(2):nzy081. doi: 10.1093/cdn/nzy081. eCollection 2019 Feb.
The amount and type of fat in the maternal diet during pregnancy are important contributors to fetal growth. The importance of plant-based omega-3 fatty acid (α-linolenic acid, ALA) intake in fetal growth has not been previously examined.
We sought to determine the association of maternal ALA intake during pregnancy with birth weight and body composition of the offspring.
Mothers and their newborn infants ( = 224) were recruited from the Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Australia. Maternal diet during pregnancy was assessed using a validated food frequency questionnaire. Plasma fatty acid composition was analyzed in a subset of mothers ( = 41). Newborn body composition was assessed using air-displacement plethysmography. All analyses were adjusted for gestational age, sex, physical activity, and total energy intake.
Dietary fatty acid intakes were positively associated with plasma phospholipid fatty acids for total omega-3 fatty acids (= 0.452, = 0.003), ALA (= 0.339, = 0.03), linoleic acid (= 0.353, = 0.03), eicosapentaenoic acid (= 0.407, = 0.009), and docosahexaenoic acid (= 0.388, = 0.01). Higher maternal intake of ALA (% total fat) was associated with higher offspring birth weight [189.7-g increase per 1% higher ALA (95% CI: 14, 365 g); = .04], although individually neither newborn fat mass nor fat-free mass was significant. Birth weight increased across tertiles of maternal ALA intake ( = 0.05), with birth weight being 221 g (95% CI: 12, 429 g) higher in those with the highest maternal ALA intake compared with those with the lowest intake (= 0.04). Mothers of infants born small for gestational age ( = 32) had a lower ALA intake than those born appropriate for gestational age ( = 162) or large for gestational age [( = 21); = 0.05].
In otherwise healthy women giving birth at a major tertiary hospital in Australia, intake of ALA during pregnancy is associated with higher offspring birth weight. This may have implications for dietary strategies aimed at optimizing fetal growth via modification of maternal diet.
孕期母亲饮食中脂肪的含量和类型是胎儿生长的重要影响因素。此前尚未研究植物性ω-3脂肪酸（α-亚麻酸，ALA）摄入对胎儿生长的重要性。
我们试图确定孕期母亲ALA摄入量与后代出生体重及身体组成之间的关联。
从澳大利亚皇家阿尔弗雷德王子医院招募母亲及其新生儿（n = 224）。使用经过验证的食物频率问卷评估孕期母亲的饮食。对一部分母亲（n = 41）的血浆脂肪酸组成进行分析。使用空气置换体积描记法评估新生儿的身体组成。所有分析均针对胎龄、性别、身体活动和总能量摄入进行了调整。
膳食脂肪酸摄入量与血浆磷脂脂肪酸中总ω-3脂肪酸（r = 0.452，P = 0.003）、ALA（r = 0.339，P = 0.03）、亚油酸（r = 0.353，P = 0.03）、二十碳五烯酸（r = 0.407，P = 0.009）和二十二碳六烯酸（r = 0.388，P = 0.01）呈正相关。母亲ALA摄入量（占总脂肪的百分比）越高，后代出生体重越高[ALA每增加1%，出生体重增加189.7克（95%CI：14，365克）；P = 0.04]，尽管单独来看新生儿的脂肪量和去脂体重均无显著差异。出生体重随着母亲ALA摄入量三分位数的增加而增加（P = 0.05），母亲ALA摄入量最高者的出生体重比最低者高221克（95%CI：12，429克）（P = 0.04）。小于胎龄儿（n = 32）的母亲的ALA摄入量低于适于胎龄儿（n = 162）或大于胎龄儿的母亲（n = 21）；P = 0.05。
在澳大利亚一家大型三级医院分娩的其他方面健康的女性中，孕期ALA摄入量与后代出生体重较高有关。这可能对旨在通过调整母亲饮食来优化胎儿生长的饮食策略具有启示意义。
