Colombo Francesca, Di Lorenzo Chiara, Biella Simone, Bani Corinne, Restani Patrizia
Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy.
Foods. 2021 Apr 20;10(4):906. doi: 10.3390/foods10040906.
Celiac disease is an autoimmune disorder that occurs in genetically predisposed individuals after consuming prolamins from some cereals. Although the products available for celiac subjects have increased significantly in quality and quantity over the last few decades, research still focuses on identifying new ingredients to improve the nutritional, sensorial and functional qualities of gluten-free products. In terms of toxicity for people with celiac disease, there is a wide variability between ancient and modern grains. The most contradictory results are related to the role of oats in the gluten-free diet. In order to clarify the role of minor cereals (such as oat) and ancient grains in the diets of celiac patients, this review discusses recent in vitro and in vivo studies performed on those cereals for which the toxicity for celiac subjects is still controversial. According to in vivo studies, selected oat varieties could be tolerated by celiac patients. On the other hands, although some wheat-ancient grains (, ssp. and Kamut) showed a reduced in vitro toxicity, to date, these grains are still considered toxic for celiac patients. Contradictory results underline the importance of studying the safety of "unusual" cereals in more detail.
乳糜泻是一种自身免疫性疾病，发生于具有遗传易感性的个体在食用某些谷物中的醇溶蛋白之后。尽管在过去几十年里，可供乳糜泻患者使用的产品在质量和数量上都有了显著增加，但研究仍集中在寻找新成分，以提高无麸质产品的营养、感官和功能品质。就对乳糜泻患者的毒性而言，古代谷物和现代谷物之间存在很大差异。最矛盾的结果与燕麦在无麸质饮食中的作用有关。为了阐明小谷物（如燕麦）和古代谷物在乳糜泻患者饮食中的作用，本综述讨论了最近对那些对乳糜泻患者的毒性仍有争议的谷物进行的体外和体内研究。根据体内研究，选定的燕麦品种可能为乳糜泻患者所耐受。另一方面，尽管一些小麦古代谷物（如斯佩尔特小麦、单粒小麦和昆诺阿藜小麦）在体外显示出较低的毒性，但迄今为止，这些谷物仍被认为对乳糜泻患者有毒。相互矛盾的结果凸显了更详细地研究“不寻常”谷物安全性的重要性。
