Comino Isabel, Moreno María de Lourdes, Sousa Carolina
Isabel Comino, María de Lourdes Moreno, Carolina Sousa, Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, 41012 Sevilla, Spain.
World J Gastroenterol. 2015 Nov 7;21(41):11825-31. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v21.i41.11825.
A gluten-free diet is currently the only effective means of treating individuals with celiac disease. Such a diet enables celiac patients to control their symptoms and avoid various complications associated with this condition. However, while the quality of gluten-free foods has significantly improved during recent decades, maintenance of a gluten-free diet does not necessarily ensure adequate nutritional intake. Because oats are an important source of proteins, lipids, vitamins, minerals, and fibre, their inclusion in a gluten-free diet might improve the nutritional status of a celiac patient. Although oats are included in the list of gluten-free ingredients specified in European regulations, their safety when consumed by celiac patients remains debatable. Some studies claim that pure oats are safe for most celiac people, and contamination with other cereal sources is the main problem facing people with this disease. However, it is necessary to consider that oats include many varieties, containing various amino acid sequences and showing different immunoreactivities associated with toxic prolamins. As a result, several studies have shown that the immunogenicity of oats varies depending on the cultivar consumed. Thus, it is essential to thoroughly study the variety of oats used in a food ingredient before including it in a gluten-free diet.
目前，无麸质饮食是治疗乳糜泻患者的唯一有效方法。这种饮食方式能使乳糜泻患者控制症状，避免与该疾病相关的各种并发症。然而，尽管近几十年来无麸质食品的质量有了显著提高，但维持无麸质饮食并不一定能确保充足的营养摄入。由于燕麦是蛋白质、脂质、维生素、矿物质和纤维的重要来源，将其纳入无麸质饮食可能会改善乳糜泻患者的营养状况。尽管燕麦被列入欧洲法规规定的无麸质成分清单中，但乳糜泻患者食用时的安全性仍存在争议。一些研究称，纯燕麦对大多数乳糜泻患者是安全的，而受其他谷物来源的污染是该病患者面临的主要问题。然而，有必要考虑到燕麦有许多品种，含有不同的氨基酸序列，并且与有毒醇溶蛋白相关的免疫反应性也不同。因此，多项研究表明，燕麦的免疫原性因食用的品种而异。因此，在将某种燕麦品种纳入无麸质饮食之前，必须对其进行全面研究。
