Kavasi Rafaela-Maria, Coelho Catarina C, Platania Varvara, Quadros Paulo A, Chatzinikolaidou Maria
Department of Materials Science and Technology, University of Crete, 70013 Heraklion, Greece.
Foundation for Research and Technology Hellas (FORTH), Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser (IESL), 70013 Heraklion, Greece.
Nanomaterials (Basel). 2021 Apr 28;11(5):1152. doi: 10.3390/nano11051152.
Hydroxyapatite (HA) is an important component of the bone mineral phase. It has been used in several applications, such as bone regenerative medicine, tooth implants, drug delivery and oral care cosmetics. In the present study, three different batches of a commercial nanohydroxyapatite (nHA) material were physicochemically-characterized and biologically-evaluated by means of cytotoxicity and genotoxicity using appropriate cell lines based on well-established guidelines (ISO10993-5 and OECD 487). The nHAs were characterized for their size and morphology by dynamic light scattering (DLS) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and were found to have a rod-like shape with an average length of approximately 20 to 40 nm. The nanoparticles were cytocompatible according to ISO 10993-5, and the in vitro micronucleus assay showed no genotoxicity to cells. Internalization by MC3T3-E1 cells was observed by TEM images, with nHA identified only in the cytoplasm and extracellular space. This result also validates the genotoxicity since nHA was not observed in the nucleus. The internalization of nHA by the cells did not seem to affect normal cell behavior, since the results showed good biocompatibility of these nHA nanoparticles. Therefore, this work is a relevant contribution for the safety assessment of this nHA material.
羟基磷灰石（HA）是骨矿物质相的重要组成部分。它已被应用于多个领域，如骨再生医学、牙齿植入、药物递送和口腔护理化妆品。在本研究中，根据既定指南（ISO10993 - 5和经合组织487），使用合适的细胞系，通过细胞毒性和遗传毒性对三批不同的商业纳米羟基磷灰石（nHA）材料进行了物理化学表征和生物学评估。通过动态光散射（DLS）和透射电子显微镜（TEM）对nHA的尺寸和形态进行了表征，发现其呈棒状，平均长度约为20至40纳米。根据ISO 10993 - 5，纳米颗粒具有细胞相容性，体外微核试验表明对细胞无遗传毒性。通过TEM图像观察到MC3T3 - E1细胞对nHA的摄取，仅在细胞质和细胞外空间中发现了nHA。由于在细胞核中未观察到nHA，该结果也验证了其遗传毒性。细胞对nHA的摄取似乎并未影响正常细胞行为，因为结果表明这些nHA纳米颗粒具有良好的生物相容性。因此，这项工作对这种nHA材料的安全性评估具有重要贡献。
