爱琴海宫殿文明的基因组历史。
The genomic history of the Aegean palatial civilizations.
机构信息
Department of Computational Biology, University of Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland; Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.
Laboratory of Physical Anthropology, Department of History and Ethnology, Democritus University of Thrace, 69100 Komotini, Greece; Palaeogenetics Group, Institute of Organismic and Molecular Evolution, Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, 55099 Mainz, Germany.
出版信息
Cell. 2021 May 13;184(10):2565-2586.e21. doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2021.03.039. Epub 2021 Apr 29.
The Cycladic, the Minoan, and the Helladic (Mycenaean) cultures define the Bronze Age (BA) of Greece. Urbanism, complex social structures, craft and agricultural specialization, and the earliest forms of writing characterize this iconic period. We sequenced six Early to Middle BA whole genomes, along with 11 mitochondrial genomes, sampled from the three BA cultures of the Aegean Sea. The Early BA (EBA) genomes are homogeneous and derive most of their ancestry from Neolithic Aegeans, contrary to earlier hypotheses that the Neolithic-EBA cultural transition was due to massive population turnover. EBA Aegeans were shaped by relatively small-scale migration from East of the Aegean, as evidenced by the Caucasus-related ancestry also detected in Anatolians. In contrast, Middle BA (MBA) individuals of northern Greece differ from EBA populations in showing ∼50% Pontic-Caspian Steppe-related ancestry, dated at ca. 2,600-2,000 BCE. Such gene flow events during the MBA contributed toward shaping present-day Greek genomes.
克里特岛、米诺斯和迈锡尼（希腊青铜时代）文化定义了希腊的青铜时代（BA）。城市化、复杂的社会结构、手工艺和农业专业化以及最早的书写形式是这一标志性时期的特征。我们从爱琴海的三个 BA 文化中抽取了六个早期到中期 BA 的全基因组和 11 个线粒体基因组进行测序。早期 BA（EBA）的基因组是同质的，其大部分血统来自新石器时代的爱琴海人，这与新石器时代到 EBA 文化过渡是由于人口大量更替的早期假设相反。EBA 爱琴海人是由来自爱琴海东部的小规模移民塑造的，这一点可以从也在安纳托利亚人中检测到的高加索相关血统中得到证明。相比之下，希腊北部的中期 BA（MBA）个体与 EBA 种群不同，表现出约 50%的 Pontic-Caspian 草原相关血统，可追溯到公元前 2600 年至 2000 年。在 MBA 期间发生的这种基因流动事件促成了现代希腊基因组的形成。
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