Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Silesia in Katowice, Jagiellońska 28 Street, 40-032 Katowice, Poland.
Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Silesia in Katowice, Jagiellońska 28 Street, 40-032 Katowice, Poland.
Ecotoxicol Environ Saf. 2021 Jul 1;217:112252. doi: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.112252. Epub 2021 Apr 27.
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are ubiquitous mutualistic plant symbionts that promote plant growth and protect them from abiotic stresses. Studies on AMF-assisted phytoremediation have shown that AMF can increase plant tolerance to the presence of hydrocarbon contaminants by improving plant nutrition status and mitigating oxidative stress. This work aimed to evaluate the impact of single and mixed-species AMF inocula (Funneliformis caledonium, Diversispora varaderana, Claroideoglomus walkeri), obtained from a contaminated environment, on the growth, oxidative stress (DNA oxidation and lipid peroxidation), and activity of antioxidative enzymes (superoxide dismutase, catalase, peroxidase) in Lolium perenne growing on a substrate contaminated with 0/0-30/120 mg phenol/polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) kg. The assessment of AMF tolerance to the presence of contaminants was based on mycorrhizal root colonization, spore production, the level of oxidative stress, and antioxidative activity in AMF spores. In contrast to the mixed-species AMF inoculum, single AMF species significantly enhanced the growth of host plants cultured on the contaminated substrate. The effect of inoculation on the level of oxidative stress and the activity of antioxidative enzymes in plant tissues differed between the AMF species. Changes in the level of oxidative stress and the activity of antioxidative enzymes in AMF spores in response to contamination also depended on AMF species. Although the concentration of phenol and PAHs had a negative effect on the production of AMF spores, low (5/20 mg phenol/PAHs kg) and medium (15/60 mg phenol/PAHs kg) substrate contamination stimulated the mycorrhizal colonization of roots. Among the studied AMF species, F. caledonium was the most tolerant to phenol and PAHs and showed the highest potential in plant growth promotion. The results presented in this study might contribute to the development of functionally customized AMF-assisted phytoremediation strategies with indigenous AMF, more effective than commercial AMF inocula, as a result of their selection by the presence of contaminants.
丛枝菌根真菌（AMF）是普遍存在的植物共生体，可促进植物生长并保护其免受非生物胁迫。关于 AMF 辅助植物修复的研究表明，AMF 可以通过改善植物营养状况和减轻氧化应激来提高植物对烃类污染物存在的耐受性。本研究旨在评估从污染环境中获得的单种和混合种 AMF 接种体（Funneliformis caledonium、Diversispora varaderana、Claroideoglomus walkeri）对生长在受污染基质上的黑麦草的生长、氧化应激（DNA 氧化和脂质过氧化）和抗氧化酶活性（超氧化物歧化酶、过氧化氢酶、过氧化物酶）的影响，该基质受 0/0-30/120mg 苯酚/多环芳烃（PAHs）kg 污染。AMF 对污染物存在的耐受性的评估基于根内 AMF 定殖、孢子产生、AMF 孢子中的氧化应激水平和抗氧化活性。与混合种 AMF 接种体相比，单种 AMF 物种显著增强了在受污染基质上培养的宿主植物的生长。接种对植物组织中氧化应激水平和抗氧化酶活性的影响因 AMF 物种而异。对污染的响应，AMF 孢子中氧化应激水平和抗氧化酶活性的变化也取决于 AMF 物种。尽管苯酚和 PAHs 的浓度对 AMF 孢子的产生有负面影响，但低（5/20mg 苯酚/PAHs kg）和中（15/60mg 苯酚/PAHs kg）基质污染刺激了根内 AMF 定殖。在所研究的 AMF 物种中，F. caledonium 对苯酚和 PAHs 的耐受性最高，并且在促进植物生长方面具有最高的潜力。本研究结果可能有助于开发功能定制的 AMF 辅助植物修复策略，与商业 AMF 接种体相比，具有更高的效率，因为它们是通过存在污染物而选择的。
