Diabetes and Obesity Research Laboratory, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS) - Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Oberta de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain; Primary Healthcare Transversal Research Group, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Spain.
Diabetes and Obesity Research Laboratory, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS) - Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
Clin Nutr. 2021 May;40(5):2587-2598. doi: 10.1016/j.clnu.2021.03.014. Epub 2021 Mar 18.
Fish could play a role in preventing type 2 diabetes (T2D) but there has been little specification about the type of fish and the preventive mechanism involved in its health claim. The sardine is a source of omega-3 and taurine that, in isolation or in synergy, would produce T2D-delaying through different molecular mechanism.
The consumption of twice a week of sardine, during one year would reduce T2D-developing risk in a population with prediabetes (preDM) and old age.
152 subjects with fasting glucose between 100-124 mg/dL aged ≥65 yo were recruited from three primary care centers in Barcelona and were randomly distributed among two interventional groups: control group (CG) and sardine group (SG). Both groups received same T2D-prevention nutritional during a year but only SG had to add 200 g of sardine per week. All variables were collected before to start and at the end of the diet. (ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT03557541).
152 people were randomized into CG (n=77) and SG (n=75) with 18 and 12 drop outs respectively. Subjects in SG, significantly compared to CG, decreased percentage classified-individuals in a very high risk group to develop T2D according to FINDRISC (p=0.035). In addition to increasing HDL-cholesterol and adiponectin and decreasing triglycerides (p<0.05) and blood pressure (<0.05), SG showed a lower HOMA-IR (p=0.032). The consumption of sardine characteristics nutrients as omega-3, EPA and DHA, vitamin D, fluorine and taurine were higher for SG (p<0.05). These results agreed with the increased of taurine, fatty acid (FA) omega-3 and bile acids circulating metabolites (p<0.05). Changes erythrocyte membrane FA were detected only in SG with a decrease of 5 omega-6 FA (p<0.001) and an increase of 3 omega-3 FA types (p<0.001).
We conclude that a year T2D-prevention diet with sardine supplementation has a greater protective effect against developing T2D and CV events.
鱼类可能在预防 2 型糖尿病（T2D）方面发挥作用，但对于鱼类的种类和涉及的预防机制，还没有明确的说法。沙丁鱼是 omega-3 和牛磺酸的来源，这些物质单独或协同作用，通过不同的分子机制产生延缓 T2D 的效果。
在有前驱糖尿病（preDM）和老年的人群中，每周食用两次沙丁鱼，持续一年，将降低 T2D 的发病风险。
从巴塞罗那的三个初级保健中心招募了 152 名空腹血糖在 100-124mg/dL 之间、年龄≥65 岁的受试者，并将他们随机分配到两个干预组：对照组（CG）和沙丁鱼组（SG）。两组在一年内都接受了相同的 T2D 预防营养，但只有 SG 需要每周额外添加 200 克沙丁鱼。在开始和饮食结束时收集所有变量。（ClinicalTrials.gov：NCT03557541）。
152 人被随机分为 CG（n=77）和 SG（n=75），分别有 18 和 12 人脱落。与 CG 相比，SG 组中根据 FINDRISC 分类的个体进入 T2D 极高风险组的百分比显著降低（p=0.035）。除了增加 HDL-胆固醇和脂联素、降低甘油三酯（p<0.05）和血压（p<0.05）外，SG 组的 HOMA-IR 也较低（p=0.032）。SG 组的 omega-3、EPA 和 DHA、维生素 D、氟和牛磺酸等沙丁鱼特征营养素的摄入量较高（p<0.05）。这些结果与循环代谢物中牛磺酸、脂肪酸（FA）omega-3 和胆汁酸的增加一致（p<0.05）。仅在 SG 中检测到红细胞膜 FA 的变化，5 种 omega-6 FA 减少（p<0.001），3 种 omega-3 FA 类型增加（p<0.001）。
我们得出结论，为期一年的 T2D 预防饮食加上沙丁鱼补充剂，对预防 T2D 和心血管事件具有更大的保护作用。
