Faculty of Health Sciences, Nutrition and Dietetics Department, Selcuk University, Konya, Turkey.
Faculty of Health Sciences, Nutrition and Dietetics Department, Baskent University, Ankara, Turkey.
Curr Nutr Rep. 2024 Sep;13(3):527-551. doi: 10.1007/s13668-024-00561-9. Epub 2024 Jul 20.
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a group of metabolic illnesses characterized by elevated levels of glucose in the bloodstream as a result of abnormalities in the generation or function of insulin. Medical Nutrition Therapy (MNT) is an essential component of diabetes management. Dietary fats are essential in both the prevention and progression of chronic diseases. Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids are recognized for their advantageous impact on health. They assist in controlling blood sugar levels and lipid profile in patients with all types of diabetes. Furthermore, they reduce the occurrence of cardiovascular events and death linked to DM.
After evaluating the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antilipidemic, and antidiabetic mechanisms of omega-3 fatty acid supplements, as well as the results from randomized controlled studies, it is clear that these supplements have positive effects in both preventing and treating diabetes, as well as preventing and treating complications related to diabetes, specifically cardiovascular diseases. However, current evidence does not support the use of omega-3 supplementation in people with diabetes for the purpose of preventing or treating cardiovascular events. People with all types of diabetes are suggested to include fatty fish and foods high in omega-3 fatty acids in their diet twice a week, as is prescribed for the general population.
糖尿病（DM）是一组代谢性疾病，其特征是由于胰岛素的产生或功能异常，导致血液中葡萄糖水平升高。医学营养治疗（MNT）是糖尿病管理的重要组成部分。膳食脂肪在慢性病的预防和进展中都很重要。ω-3 多不饱和脂肪酸因其对健康的有益影响而得到认可。它们有助于控制各种类型糖尿病患者的血糖水平和血脂谱。此外，它们还可以降低与 DM 相关的心血管事件和死亡的发生。
评估了 ω-3 脂肪酸补充剂的抗氧化、抗炎、抗脂和抗糖尿病作用机制以及随机对照研究的结果后，明确了这些补充剂在预防和治疗糖尿病以及预防和治疗与糖尿病相关的并发症（特别是心血管疾病）方面具有积极作用。然而，目前的证据并不支持糖尿病患者使用 ω-3 补充剂来预防或治疗心血管事件。建议所有类型的糖尿病患者每周食用两次富含 ω-3 脂肪酸的油性鱼类和食物，这与一般人群的建议相同。
