School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, China; Nafferton Ecological Farming Group, School of Agriculture, Food and Rural Development, Newcastle University, NE1 7RU, Newcastle upon Tyne, Tyne and Wear, UK; Human Nutrition Research Centre, Public Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK.
Laboratory of Neurobiology, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pasteura 3, Warsaw 02-093, Poland.
Food Chem. 2021 Oct 1;358:129826. doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.129826. Epub 2021 Apr 20.
Previous studies reported higher antioxidant and mineral micronutrient concentrations in organic compared to conventional wheat flour, but the reasons are poorly understood. Here we report results from a long-term, factorial field experiment designed to assess effects of variety choice, supplementary irrigation and contrasting fertilization regimes used in organic and conventional production on the nutritional quality and yield of spelt wheat grown in a semi-arid environment. Long-straw (Oberkulmer, Rubiota, ZOR) varieties had 10-40% higher grain Cu, Fe, Mn and Zn concentrations, while the modern, short straw variety Filderstolz had 15-38% higher grain antioxidant activity. Supplementary irrigation and the use of manure instead of mineral NPK as fertilizer had no substantial effect on the nutritional composition of spelt grain, but increased grain yields by ~ 150 and ~ 18% respectively. Overall, this suggests that breeding/variety selection is the most promising approach to improve the nutritional quality of spelt grain in semi-arid production environments.
先前的研究报告称，与传统小麦粉相比，有机小麦粉具有更高的抗氧化剂和矿物质微量营养素浓度，但原因尚不清楚。在这里，我们报告了一项长期的析因田间试验的结果，该试验旨在评估品种选择、补充灌溉以及有机和常规生产中使用的对比施肥制度对在半干旱环境中生长的斯佩尔特小麦的营养品质和产量的影响。长秸秆（Oberkulmer、Rubiota、ZOR）品种的谷物铜、铁、锰和锌浓度高 10-40%，而现代短秸秆品种 Filderstolz 的谷物抗氧化活性高 15-38%。补充灌溉和使用有机肥而不是矿物 NPK 作为肥料对斯佩尔特小麦的营养成分没有实质性影响，但分别使谷物产量增加了约 150%和 18%。总体而言，这表明，通过品种选育/选择是提高半干旱生产环境中斯佩尔特小麦营养品质最有前途的方法。
