Hepatology and Gastroenterology Department, Poitiers University Hospital and University of Poitiers, FFCD, Poitiers, France.
Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases Department, Reims University Hospital, Reims, France.
Eur J Cancer. 2021 Jun;150:232-239. doi: 10.1016/j.ejca.2021.03.030. Epub 2021 Apr 1.
The impacts of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic on cancer care are multiple, entailing a high risk of death from coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in patients with cancer treated by chemotherapy. SARS-CoV-2 vaccines represent an opportunity to decrease the rate of severe COVID-19 cases in patients with cancer and also to restore normal cancer care. Patients with cancer to be targeted for vaccination are difficult to define owing to the limited contribution of these patients in the phase III trials testing the different vaccines. It seems appropriate to vaccinate not only patients with cancer with ongoing treatment or with a treatment having been completed less than 3 years ago but also household and close contacts. High-risk patients with cancer who are candidates for priority access to vaccination are those treated by chemotherapy. The very high-priority population includes patients with curative treatment and palliative first- or second-line chemotherapy, as well as patients requiring surgery or radiotherapy involving a large volume of lung, lymph node and/or haematopoietic tissue. When possible, vaccination should be carried out before cancer treatment begins. SARS-CoV-2 vaccination can be performed during chemotherapy while avoiding periods of neutropenia and lymphopenia. For organisational reasons, vaccination should be performed in cancer care centres with messenger RNA vaccines (or non-replicating adenoviral vaccines in non-immunocompromised patients). Considering the current state of knowledge, the benefit-risk ratio strongly favours SARS-CoV-2 vaccination of all patients with cancer. To obtain more data concerning the safety and effectiveness of vaccines, it is necessary to implement cohorts of vaccinated patients with cancer.
严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒 2(SARS-CoV-2)大流行对癌症治疗的影响是多方面的,接受化疗的癌症患者因 2019 年冠状病毒病(COVID-19)而死亡的风险很高。SARS-CoV-2 疫苗为降低癌症患者发生严重 COVID-19 的几率并恢复正常的癌症治疗提供了机会。由于这些患者在测试不同疫苗的 III 期试验中的贡献有限,因此难以确定需要接种疫苗的癌症患者。似乎不仅要对正在接受治疗或在 3 年前完成治疗的癌症患者,而且要对其家属和密切接触者进行疫苗接种。有资格优先接种疫苗的高危癌症患者是接受化疗的患者。高度优先接种疫苗的人群包括接受根治性治疗和姑息性一线或二线化疗的患者,以及需要手术或放疗的患者,这些治疗会涉及大量的肺、淋巴结和/或造血组织。如有可能,应在癌症治疗开始前进行疫苗接种。SARS-CoV-2 疫苗接种可在化疗期间进行,同时避免中性粒细胞减少症和淋巴细胞减少症发生。出于组织原因,应在癌症治疗中心使用信使 RNA 疫苗(或非免疫功能低下患者的非复制型腺病毒疫苗)进行疫苗接种。考虑到目前的知识状况,SARS-CoV-2 疫苗接种对所有癌症患者的获益风险比都非常有利。为了获得更多关于疫苗安全性和有效性的数据,有必要对接种疫苗的癌症患者进行队列研究。