Wei Xin, Ni Xiaoli, Zhao Shanguang, Chi Aiping
Institute of Social Psychology, School of Humanities and Social Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.
Centre for Sport and Exercise Sciences, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
Front Physiol. 2021 Apr 16;12:632058. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2021.632058. eCollection 2021.
This study investigates the changes in soldiers' brain executive function at different altitude environments and their relationship with blood oxygen saturation. Stratified sampling was conducted in different altitude 133 active-duty soldiers who were stationed in Weinan (347 m, = 34), Nyingchi (2,950 m, = 32), Lhasa (3,860 m, = 33), and Nagqu (4,890 m, = 34) for 2 years. The Go/NoGo paradigm with event-related potentials (ERPs) and event-related oscillations (EROs) was used to explore the time and neural oscillation courses of response inhibition. Behavioral results revealed that at the 4,890-m altitude area, the soldiers had the highest false alarm rate, the longest reaction time, and the slowest information transmission rate. The electrophysiological results revealed that NoGo-N2 and N2d decreased with increasing altitude, with significant changes at 3,860 m; the amplitudes of NoGo-P3 and P3d in plateau groups were significantly more negative than the plain and changed significantly at 2,950 m. The results of correlation analysis showed that NoGo-P3 was negatively correlated with altitude ( = -0.358, = 0.000), positively correlated with SpO ( = 0.197, = 0.041) and information translation rate (ITR) ( = 0.202, = 0.036). P3d was negatively correlated with altitude ( = -0.276, = 0.004) and positively correlated with ITR ( = 0.228, = 0.018). N2d was negatively correlated with ITR ( = 0.204, = 0.034). The power spectrum analysis of NoGo-N2 and NoGo-P3 showed that the power of δ and θ bands at the plateau area was significantly lower than the plain area and showed a significant step-by-step decrease; the α-band power increases significantly only in the area of 4,890 m. The effect of chronic hypoxia exposure at different altitudes of the plateau on the response inhibition of soldiers was manifested: 3,860 m was the altitude at which the brain response inhibition function decreased during the conflict monitoring stage, and 2,950 m was the altitude at which it dropped during the response inhibition stage. In addition, the soldier's brain's executive function was closely related to SpO, and a reduction in SpO may lead to a decline in response inhibition.
本研究调查了不同海拔环境下士兵大脑执行功能的变化及其与血氧饱和度的关系。对驻扎在渭南（347米，n = 34）、林芝（2950米，n = 32）、拉萨（3860米，n = 33）和那曲（4890米，n = 34）的133名现役士兵进行了2年的分层抽样。采用带有事件相关电位（ERP）和事件相关振荡（ERO）的Go/NoGo范式来探究反应抑制的时间和神经振荡过程。行为学结果显示，在4890米海拔地区，士兵的虚报率最高、反应时间最长、信息传输速率最慢。电生理学结果显示，NoGo-N2和N2d随海拔升高而降低，在3860米时有显著变化；高原组的NoGo-P3和P3d波幅明显比平原组更负，且在2950米时有显著变化。相关性分析结果显示，NoGo-P3与海拔呈负相关（r = -0.358，P = 0.000），与SpO（r = 0.197，P = 0.041）和信息传递率（ITR）（r = 0.202，P = 0.036）呈正相关。P3d与海拔呈负相关（r = -0.276，P = 0.004），与ITR呈正相关（r = 0.228，P = 0.018）。N2d与ITR呈负相关（r = 0.204，P = 0.034）。对NoGo-N2和NoGo-P3的功率谱分析表明，高原地区的δ和θ频段功率显著低于平原地区，并呈现出显著的逐步下降；α频段功率仅在4890米区域显著增加。高原不同海拔的慢性低氧暴露对士兵反应抑制的影响表现为：3860米是冲突监测阶段大脑反应抑制功能下降的海拔，2950米是反应抑制阶段下降的海拔。此外，士兵大脑的执行功能与SpO密切相关，SpO降低可能导致反应抑制能力下降。
