Charpin D, Kleisbauer J P, Lanteaume A, Vervloet D, Lagier F, Charpin J
Service de Pneumo-allergologie, Hôpital Sainte-Marguerite, Marseille.
Rev Mal Respir. 1988;5(2):109-14.
To evaluate if an "urban factor" could be responsible for an increase of asthma and allergic diseases in developed countries, we compared prevalence rates for these conditions in adults living in urban and rural settings. The urban group consisted of 4,008 adults, randomly selected from the 16 districts of the city of Marseille; the rural group consisted of 1,789 adults, representing 85% of the target population living in a small residential town, Trets. The protocol included, after a mass media information, home-visits by public health physicians. These physicians asked a short standardized questionnaire to all adults 18 to 65 years old. Then, in a subgroup of, hay-fever patients, they performed skin tests to grass pollens. The standardized prevalence rates of asthma and related symptoms, and hay fever, was very similar in both settings. Thus, this study does not support the hypothesis that there is a urban factor in asthma and allergic diseases. In the literature, several studies point out a higher prevalence of these diseases in an urban setting. But these studies have been performed several years ago, when there was a larger difference in air pollutants concentrations between urban and rural settings.
为评估“城市因素”是否可能导致发达国家哮喘和过敏性疾病增多，我们比较了城市和农村地区成年人中这些疾病的患病率。城市组由从马赛市16个区随机选取的4008名成年人组成；农村组由1789名成年人组成，占居住在一个小集镇特雷的目标人群的85%。该方案包括在进行大众媒体宣传后，由公共卫生医生进行家访。这些医生向所有18至65岁的成年人询问一份简短的标准化问卷。然后，在一组花粉症患者中，他们对草花粉进行皮肤试验。哮喘及相关症状和花粉症的标准化患病率在两种环境中非常相似。因此，本研究不支持哮喘和过敏性疾病存在城市因素这一假说。在文献中，几项研究指出这些疾病在城市环境中的患病率较高。但这些研究是在几年前进行的，当时城市和农村地区空气污染物浓度差异更大。
