Allergy Department, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
Front Cell Infect Microbiol. 2021 Apr 15;11:650893. doi: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.650893. eCollection 2021.
The incidence of allergic disorders has been increasing over the past few decades, especially in industrialized countries. Allergies can affect people of any age. The pathogenesis of allergic diseases is complex and involves genetic, epigenetic, and environmental factors, and the response to medication is very variable. For some patients, avoidance is the sole effective therapy, and only when the triggers are identifiable. In recent years, the intestinal microbiota has emerged as a significant contributor to the development of allergic diseases. However, the precise mechanisms related to the effects of the microbiome on the pathogenesis of allergic diseases are unknown. This review summarizes the recent association between allergic disorders and intestinal bacterial dysbiosis, describes the function of gut microbes in allergic disease development from both preclinical and clinical studies, discusses the factors that influence gut microbial diversity and advanced techniques used in microbial analysis. Ultimately, more studies are required to define the host-microbial relationship relevant to allergic disorders and amenable to new therapeutic interventions.
在过去的几十年中，过敏疾病的发病率一直在上升，尤其是在工业化国家。过敏可以影响任何年龄段的人。过敏疾病的发病机制很复杂，涉及遗传、表观遗传和环境因素，而且对药物的反应差异很大。对于一些患者来说，回避是唯一有效的治疗方法，而且只有在可以识别触发因素的情况下才可以使用。近年来，肠道微生物群已成为导致过敏疾病的重要因素。然而，与微生物组对过敏疾病发病机制的影响相关的确切机制尚不清楚。本综述总结了过敏疾病与肠道细菌失调的最新关联，描述了肠道微生物在过敏疾病发展中的作用，包括来自临床前和临床研究的作用，讨论了影响肠道微生物多样性的因素和用于微生物分析的先进技术。最终，需要更多的研究来确定与过敏疾病相关的宿主-微生物关系，并找到新的治疗干预方法。
