Department of Medicine, Precision Immunology Institute, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA.
The Kimberly and Eric J. Waldman Department of Dermatology at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA.
J Clin Invest. 2021 May 3;131(9). doi: 10.1172/JCI146956.
The immunoprevention of cancer and cancer recurrence is an important area of concern for the scientific community and society as a whole. Researchers have been working for decades to develop vaccines with the potential to alleviate these health care and economic burdens. So far, vaccines have made more progress in preventing cancer than in eliminating already established cancer. In particular, vaccines targeting oncogenic viruses, such as the human papillomavirus and the hepatitis B virus, are exceptional examples of successful prevention of virus-associated cancers, such as cervical cancer and hepatocellular carcinoma. Cancer-preventive vaccines targeting nonviral antigens, such as tumor-associated antigens and neoantigens, are also being extensively tested. Here, we review the currently approved preventive cancer vaccines; discuss the challenges in this field by covering ongoing preclinical and clinical human trials in various cancers; and address various issues related to maximizing cancer vaccine benefit.
癌症和癌症复发的免疫预防是科学界和整个社会关注的一个重要领域。研究人员几十年来一直在努力开发具有减轻这些医疗保健和经济负担潜力的疫苗。到目前为止，疫苗在预防癌症方面的进展超过了消除已确立的癌症。特别是针对致癌病毒的疫苗，如人乳头瘤病毒和乙型肝炎病毒，是成功预防与病毒相关的癌症（如宫颈癌和肝细胞癌）的杰出范例。针对肿瘤相关抗原和新抗原等非病毒抗原的癌症预防疫苗也正在广泛测试中。在这里，我们回顾了目前批准的预防性癌症疫苗；通过涵盖各种癌症的正在进行的临床前和临床人体试验，讨论了该领域的挑战；并解决了与最大限度地提高癌症疫苗效益相关的各种问题。
