Rosenblum Sara, Cohen Elimelech Ortal
The Laboratory of Complex Human Activity and Participation, Department of Occupational Therapy, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel.
JMIR Aging. 2021 Jun 3;4(2):e25876. doi: 10.2196/25876.
The COVID-19 pandemic poses a challenge to people's day-to-day functioning and emotional and physical health, especially among older adults.
The aim of this study is to analyze gender differences in state anxiety, daily functional self-actualization, and functional cognition as well as the relationships among those factors in older adults during the COVID-19 pandemic lockdown.
We collected data on the web from a sample of 204 people (102 men and 102 women) aged 60 years and older. In addition to a demographic questionnaire, we used the State-Trait Personality Inventory to assess state anxiety, the Daily Functional Actualization questionnaire to evaluate daily functional self-actualization, and the Daily Living Questionnaire to measure functional cognition.
Significant gender differences were found for state anxiety (t=-2.36, P=.02); daily functional self-actualization (t=2.15, P=.03); and the functional cognition components: complex tasks (Z=-3.07, P=.002); cognitive symptoms that might be interfering (Z=-2.15, P=.028); executive functions (Z=-2.21, P=.024); and executive function monitoring (Z=-2.21, P=.027). Significant medium correlations were found between both state anxiety level and daily functional self-actualization (r=-0.62, P<.001) and functional cognition (r=0.37-0.40, P<.001). Gender predicted 3% of the variance in state anxiety level, while daily functional self-actualization predicted 41% and complex activities (Daily Living Questionnaire) predicted an additional 3% (F=58.01, P<.001).
In older adults, anxiety is associated with cognitive decline, which may harm daily functional abilities and lead to social isolation, loneliness, and decreased well-being. Self-awareness and knowledge of gender differences and relationships between common available resources of daily functional self-actualization and functional cognition with anxiety may be strengthening factors in crisis periods such as the COVID-19 pandemic.
新冠疫情对人们的日常活动以及情绪和身体健康构成挑战，在老年人中尤为如此。
本研究旨在分析新冠疫情封锁期间老年人在状态焦虑、日常功能自我实现和功能认知方面的性别差异，以及这些因素之间的关系。
我们通过网络从204名60岁及以上的人群（102名男性和102名女性）样本中收集数据。除了一份人口统计学问卷外，我们还使用状态-特质人格量表来评估状态焦虑，使用日常功能自我实现问卷来评估日常功能自我实现，并使用日常生活问卷来测量功能认知。
在状态焦虑方面发现显著的性别差异（t=-2.36，P=0.02）；日常功能自我实现方面（t=2.15，P=0.03）；以及功能认知成分方面：复杂任务（Z=-3.07，P=0.002）；可能产生干扰的认知症状（Z=-2.15，P=0.028）；执行功能（Z=-2.21，P=0.024）；以及执行功能监测（Z=-2.21，P=0.027）。在状态焦虑水平与日常功能自我实现（r=-0.62，P<0.001）以及功能认知（r=0.37 - 0.40，P<0.001）之间均发现显著的中等相关性。性别预测了状态焦虑水平3%的方差，而日常功能自我实现预测了41%，复杂活动（日常生活问卷）额外预测了3%（F=58.01，P<0.001）。
在老年人中，焦虑与认知衰退相关，这可能损害日常功能能力并导致社会隔离、孤独和幸福感下降。对性别差异以及日常功能自我实现和功能认知的常见可用资源与焦虑之间关系的自我认知和了解，可能是新冠疫情等危机时期的强化因素。
