Department of Hydrobiology, Faculty of Fisheries, Ege University, Bornova, İzmir, Turkey.
Department of Biology, Faculty of Arts & Sciences, Aydın Adnan Menderes University, Aydın, Turkey.
PLoS One. 2021 May 4;16(5):e0251086. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0251086. eCollection 2021.
The 2020's update of marine alien species list from Turkey yielded a total of 539 species belonging to 18 taxonomic groups, 404 of which have become established in the region and 135 species are casual. A total of 185 new alien species have been added to the list since the previous update of 2011. The present compilation includes reports of an ascidian species (Rhodosoma turcicum) new to the marine fauna of Turkey and range extensions of six species. Among the established species, 105 species have invasive characters at least in one zoogeographic region, comprising 19% of all alien species. Mollusca ranked first in terms of the number of species (123 species), followed by Foraminifera (91 species), Pisces (80 species) and Arthropoda (79 species). The number of alien species found in seas surrounding Turkey ranged from 28 (Black Sea) to 413 (Levantine Sea). The vectoral importance of the Suez Canal diminishes when moving from south to north, accounting for 72% of species introductions in the Levantine Sea vs. only 11% of species introductions in the Black Sea. Most alien species on the coasts of Turkey were originated from the Red Sea (58%), due to the proximity of the country to the Suez Canal. Shipping activities transported 39% of alien species, mainly from the Indo-Pacific area (20%) and the Atlantic Ocean (10%). Misidentified species (such as Pterois volitans, Trachurus declivis, etc.) and species those classified as questionable or cryptogenic were omitted from the list based on new data gathered in the last decade and expert judgements. The documented impacts of invasive species on socio-economy, biodiversity and human health in the last decade as well as the legislation and management backgrounds against alien species in Turkey are presented.
2020 年更新的土耳其海洋外来物种清单共收录了 539 种，隶属于 18 个分类群，其中 404 种在该地区已定居，135 种为偶然种。自 2011 年上次更新以来，该清单共增加了 185 种新的外来物种。本汇编包括了一种海洋无脊椎动物（土耳其多瘤海鞘）在土耳其海洋动物群中的新记录，以及 6 种分布范围扩大的物种。在已定居的物种中，有 105 种至少在一个动物地理区具有入侵特征，占所有外来物种的 19%。在物种数量方面，软体动物排名第一（123 种），其次是有孔虫（91 种）、鱼类（80 种）和节肢动物（79 种）。在环绕土耳其的海域中，发现的外来物种数量从 28 种（黑海）到 413 种（地中海东部海域）不等。随着从南到北的移动，苏伊士运河的媒介重要性降低，在地中海东部海域有 72%的物种引入是通过苏伊士运河，而在黑海只有 11%的物种引入是通过苏伊士运河。土耳其沿海的大多数外来物种都来自红海（58%），这是由于该国靠近苏伊士运河。航运活动运输了 39%的外来物种，主要来自印度-太平洋地区（20%）和大西洋（10%）。根据过去十年收集的新数据和专家判断，从清单中省略了一些被错误识别的物种（如 Pterois volitans、Trachurus declivis 等）和被归类为可疑或隐生的物种。本报告还介绍了过去十年外来物种对社会经济、生物多样性和人类健康的影响，以及土耳其针对外来物种的立法和管理背景。
