Aldars-García Laila, Chaparro María, Gisbert Javier P
Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa (IIS-IP), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28006 Madrid, Spain.
Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), 28006 Madrid, Spain.
Microorganisms. 2021 Apr 30;9(5):977. doi: 10.3390/microorganisms9050977.
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic relapsing-remitting systemic disease of the gastrointestinal tract. It is well established that the gut microbiome has a profound impact on IBD pathogenesis. Our aim was to systematically review the literature on the IBD gut microbiome and its usefulness to provide microbiome-based biomarkers. A systematic search of the online bibliographic database PubMed from inception to August 2020 with screening in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines was conducted. One-hundred and forty-four papers were eligible for inclusion. There was a wide heterogeneity in microbiome analysis methods or experimental design. The IBD intestinal microbiome was generally characterized by reduced species richness and diversity, and lower temporal stability, while changes in the gut microbiome seemed to play a pivotal role in determining the onset of IBD. Multiple studies have identified certain microbial taxa that are enriched or depleted in IBD, including bacteria, fungi, viruses, and archaea. The two main features in this sense are the decrease in beneficial bacteria and the increase in pathogenic bacteria. Significant differences were also present between remission and relapse IBD status. Shifts in gut microbial community composition and abundance have proven to be valuable as diagnostic biomarkers. The gut microbiome plays a major role in IBD, yet studies need to go from casualty to causality. Longitudinal designs including newly diagnosed treatment-naïve patients are needed to provide insights into the role of microbes in the onset of intestinal inflammation. A better understanding of the human gut microbiome could provide innovative targets for diagnosis, prognosis, treatment and even cure of this relevant disease.
炎症性肠病（IBD）是一种胃肠道的慢性复发 - 缓解性全身性疾病。肠道微生物群对IBD发病机制有深远影响，这一点已得到充分证实。我们的目的是系统回顾关于IBD肠道微生物群及其作为基于微生物群的生物标志物的有用性的文献。我们按照系统评价和Meta分析的首选报告项目（PRISMA）指南进行筛选，对在线文献数据库PubMed从创建到2020年8月进行了系统检索。144篇论文符合纳入标准。微生物群分析方法或实验设计存在广泛的异质性。IBD肠道微生物群通常具有物种丰富度和多样性降低以及时间稳定性较低的特征，而肠道微生物群的变化似乎在决定IBD的发病中起关键作用。多项研究已经确定了在IBD中富集或减少的某些微生物分类群，包括细菌、真菌、病毒和古菌。从这个意义上讲，两个主要特征是有益菌减少和致病菌增加。IBD缓解期和复发期状态之间也存在显著差异。肠道微生物群落组成和丰度的变化已被证明作为诊断生物标志物很有价值。肠道微生物群在IBD中起主要作用，但研究需要从相关性走向因果关系。需要包括新诊断的未接受过治疗的患者的纵向设计来深入了解微生物在肠道炎症发病中的作用。更好地了解人类肠道微生物群可以为这种相关疾病的诊断、预后、治疗甚至治愈提供创新靶点。
