Chungnam National University, College of Nursing, 266 Munhwa-ro, Jung-gu, Daejeon 35015, South Korea.
Appl Nurs Res. 2021 Jun;59:151430. doi: 10.1016/j.apnr.2021.151430. Epub 2021 Apr 6.
Elderly women are at high risk of osteoporosis and falls. Lifestyle modifications and regular check-ups are strongly recommended to promote their bone health. However, elderly women tend to perform low preventive behaviors due to physiological changes associated with aging. Education facilitating healthy behaviors is essential for older women. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine whether a Health Belief Model (HBM)-based osteoporosis- and fall-prevention program could improve osteoporosis- and fall-prevention knowledge, self-efficacy, and health behaviors among women aged 65 to 74 years.
This study included an untreated control group with a pretest-posttest design. Women (n = 47) in the intervention group received four sessions of an HBM-based program within a 2-month period. Participants (n = 47) in the control group attended usual education sessions.
Women in the intervention group exhibited greater knowledge in exercise and diet for osteoporosis-prevention (t = 5.473, p < 0.001; t = 6.895, p < 0.001, respectively), fall-prevention knowledge (t = 2.354, p = 0.021), self-efficacy in exercise for osteoporosis-prevention (t = 2.736, p = 0.008), osteoporosis-prevention behavior of exercise, diet, and routine follow-ups (t = 3.019, p = 0.003; t = 2.705, p = 0.008; t = 2.368, p = 0.020, respectively), and fall-prevention behavior (t = 3.879, p < 0.001).
HBM-based osteoporosis- and fall-prevention program exhibited outstanding effectiveness in promoting osteoporosis and fall prevention among women at early old age. Further studies with more rigorous designs are needed to provide further evidence that supports this finding.
老年女性骨质疏松和跌倒的风险很高。强烈建议通过改变生活方式和定期检查来促进骨骼健康。然而，由于与衰老相关的生理变化，老年女性往往表现出较低的预防行为。促进健康行为的教育对老年女性至关重要。因此，本研究旨在确定基于健康信念模型（HBM）的骨质疏松症和防跌倒计划是否可以提高 65 至 74 岁女性的骨质疏松症和防跌倒知识、自我效能和健康行为。
本研究采用未治疗对照组的前后测试设计。干预组的女性（n=47）在 2 个月内接受了 4 次基于 HBM 的方案。对照组的参与者（n=47）参加了常规教育课程。
干预组的女性在骨质疏松症预防的运动和饮食知识方面表现出更大的改善（t=5.473，p<0.001；t=6.895，p<0.001），防跌倒知识（t=2.354，p=0.021），骨质疏松症预防运动的自我效能（t=2.736，p=0.008），骨质疏松症预防行为的运动、饮食和常规随访（t=3.019，p=0.003；t=2.705，p=0.008；t=2.368，p=0.020），以及防跌倒行为（t=3.879，p<0.001）。
基于 HBM 的骨质疏松症和防跌倒预防计划在促进早期老年女性的骨质疏松症和防跌倒方面表现出显著的效果。需要进一步进行更严格设计的研究，以提供支持这一发现的进一步证据。
