Jadgal Mohammad Saeed, Movahed Ehsan, Dashti Saeid, Khazir Zahra, Zareipour Moradali
Tropical and Communicable Diseases Research Center, Iranshahr University of Medical Sciences, Iranshahr, Iran.
Department of Public Health, School of Nursing, Iranshahr University of Medical Sciences, Chabahar, Iran.
J Educ Health Promot. 2023 Apr 28;12:115. doi: 10.4103/jehp.jehp_673_22. eCollection 2023.
Falling in the elderly causes a variety of issues such as dependence, decreased self-efficacy, depression and limitation in daily activities, hospitalization and imposition of costs on the individual and society. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevention of falls in the elderly at home by applying the Precaution Adoption Process Model.
In this quasi-experimental study, 200 elderly people participated, 100 of whom were in the intervention group and 100 in the control group. The sample was provided via stratified random sampling. The data collection instruments were a researcher-made questionnaire including demographic details, as well as the Precaution Adoption Process Model (PAPM) questionnaire. Educational intervention was performed during four 45-minute sessions, following which the data was analyzed through SPSS 20 software and was evaluated based on the Chi-squared, Mann-Whitney , Wilcoxon, and Fisher's exact tests.
Investigating the distribution of participants in the phases of the PAPM indicated that most participants of both the intervention and control groups were in the passive fall prevention phase before treatment. However, after the intervention, most participants of the intervention group were in the active phases of fall prevention, while there were not any significant changes in the control group. Moreover, comparing the mean of the structures of knowledge, sensitivity, severity, benefits, perceived self-efficiency, and the cues to action in terms of preventing falls after the intervention, showed a significant increase in these structures in the intervention group compared to the control group ( < 0.001). Eventually, the findings of the study showed a significant decrease in the percentage of falls of the participants of the intervention group compared to that of the control group after the intervention ( = 0.004).
Educational intervention on the basis of the PAPM promoted the elderly precaution from passive phases to active phases of preventing falls, thereby resulting in a decrease in the number of falls of elderly people.
老年人跌倒会引发多种问题，如生活依赖、自我效能感降低、抑郁以及日常活动受限，还会导致住院，并给个人和社会带来经济负担。本研究旨在应用预防采纳过程模型来调查居家老年人跌倒的预防情况。
在这项准实验研究中，200名老年人参与其中，其中100名为干预组，100名为对照组。样本通过分层随机抽样获得。数据收集工具包括一份由研究者编制的包含人口统计学细节的问卷，以及预防采纳过程模型（PAPM）问卷。教育干预在四个45分钟的课程中进行，之后通过SPSS 20软件对数据进行分析，并基于卡方检验、曼-惠特尼检验、威尔科克森检验和费舍尔精确检验进行评估。
调查PAPM各阶段参与者的分布情况表明，治疗前干预组和对照组的大多数参与者都处于被动预防跌倒阶段。然而，干预后，干预组的大多数参与者处于积极预防跌倒阶段，而对照组没有任何显著变化。此外，比较干预后在预防跌倒方面知识、易感性、严重性、益处、感知自我效能和行动线索等结构的平均值，发现干预组这些结构与对照组相比有显著增加（<0.001）。最终，研究结果显示，干预后干预组参与者的跌倒百分比与对照组相比有显著下降（=0.004）。
基于PAPM的教育干预促进了老年人从被动预防跌倒阶段向积极预防跌倒阶段的转变，从而减少了老年人的跌倒次数。
