Langman Sofya, Capicotto Nicole, Maddahi Yaser, Zareinia Kourosh
Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering & Architectural Science, Ryerson University, Toronto, ON Canada.
SN Appl Sci. 2021;3(12):857. doi: 10.1007/s42452-021-04853-5. Epub 2021 Nov 7.
Robotics and artificial intelligence (AI) are revolutionizing all spheres of human life. From industrial processes to graphic design, the implementation of automated intelligent systems is changing how industries work. The spread of robots and AI systems has triggered academic institutions to closely examine how these technologies may affect the humanity-this is how the fields of roboethics and AI ethics have been born. The identification of ethical issues for robotics and AI and creation of ethical frameworks were the first steps to creating a regulatory environment for these technologies. In this paper, we focus on regulatory efforts in Europe and North America to create enforceable regulation for AI and robotics. We describe and compare ethical principles, policies, and regulations that have been proposed by government organizations for the design and use of robots and AI. We also discuss proposed international regulation for robotics and AI. This paper tries to highlight the need for a comprehensive, enforceable, and agile policy to ethically regulate technology today and in the future. Through reviewing existing policies, we conclude that the European Unition currently leads the way in defining roboethics and AI ethical principles and implementing them into policy. Our findings suggest that governments in Europe and North America are aware of the ethical risks that robotics and AI pose, and are engaged in policymaking to create regulatory policies for these new technologies.
机器人技术和人工智能正在彻底改变人类生活的各个领域。从工业生产到平面设计，自动化智能系统的应用正在改变各行业的运作方式。机器人和人工智能系统的普及促使学术机构密切研究这些技术可能对人类产生的影响——机器人伦理和人工智能伦理领域就是这样诞生的。识别机器人技术和人工智能的伦理问题并创建伦理框架是为这些技术创建监管环境的第一步。在本文中，我们重点关注欧洲和北美的监管努力，以便为人工智能和机器人技术制定可执行的监管规定。我们描述并比较政府组织针对机器人和人工智能的设计与使用所提出的伦理原则、政策和法规。我们还讨论了针对机器人技术和人工智能的拟议国际监管规定。本文试图强调当今和未来制定全面、可执行且灵活的政策以从伦理角度规范技术的必要性。通过审视现有政策，我们得出结论，欧盟目前在界定机器人伦理和人工智能伦理原则并将其纳入政策方面走在前列。我们的研究结果表明，欧洲和北美的政府意识到机器人技术和人工智能带来的伦理风险，并正在参与政策制定，为这些新技术制定监管政策。
