Mamo Worku, Derso Terefe, Nigatu Solomon Gedlu
Carter Center Ethiopia, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
Department of Human Nutrition, Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia.
J Nutr Metab. 2021 Apr 16;2021:6630450. doi: 10.1155/2021/6630450. eCollection 2021.
For the synthesis of thyroid hormones, iodine is a crucial trace element. Iodine deficiency disorders affect all groups particularly: pregnant, young women and children. Iodine deficiency disorder has been recognized as a serious public health issue in Ethiopia. Therefore, this study planned to assess iodized salt utilization and associated factors at the household level.
A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted from January 25 to February 24, 2019, in Tach Armachio district, Northwest Ethiopia. A single population proportion formula was used to calculate the sample size and a total of 555 households were sampled. A multistage sampling technique was conducted to select the household. An iodometric titration method was performed. A structured, pretested, and face-to-face interview questionnaire was used to collect data; then, it was entered in Epi Info 7 and exported to SPSS version 25 for analysis. Bivariable and multivariable analyses were done to identify predictor variables. A 95% confidence interval and adjusted odd ratio were reported. values less than 0.05 were considered statistically significant in the multivariable analysis.
This study showed that iodized salt was adequately utilized by 61.1% (CI = 57%-65%) of households. Good knowledge of iodine deficiency disorder (AOR = 2.25, 95% CI = (1.44, 3.50)), keeping salt in the kitchen house away from fire (AOR = 5.09, 95% CI = (3.25, 7.98)), buying packed salt [AOR = 1.89, 95% CI = (1.12, 3.19)), keeping salt in a covered container (AOR = 2.18, 95% CI = (1.24, 3.81)), and exposing salt to sunlight (AOR = 0.39, 95% CI = (0.23, 0.65)) were significantly associated.
In the district, adequately iodized salt utilization was low. Therefore, it is necessary to enforce the current law for merchants to sell iodized packed salt and teach the community how to handle it.
碘是合成甲状腺激素的关键微量元素。碘缺乏症对所有群体都有影响，尤其是孕妇、年轻女性和儿童。碘缺乏症在埃塞俄比亚已被视为一个严重的公共卫生问题。因此，本研究计划评估家庭层面碘盐的使用情况及相关因素。
2019年1月25日至2月24日，在埃塞俄比亚西北部的塔奇阿尔马乔区进行了一项基于社区的横断面研究。使用单总体比例公式计算样本量，共抽取了555户家庭。采用多阶段抽样技术选取家庭。采用碘量滴定法。使用一份结构化、经过预测试的面对面访谈问卷收集数据；然后，将数据录入Epi Info 7并导出到SPSS 25版本进行分析。进行双变量和多变量分析以确定预测变量。报告了95%置信区间和调整后的比值比。在多变量分析中，p值小于0.05被认为具有统计学意义。
本研究表明，61.1%（CI = 57%-65%）的家庭充分使用了碘盐。对碘缺乏症的良好认知（AOR = 2.25，95%CI =（1.44，3.50））、将盐存放在厨房远离火源处（AOR = 5.09，95%CI =（3.25，7.98））、购买袋装盐[AOR = 1.89，95%CI =（1.12，3.19）]、将盐存放在有盖容器中（AOR = 2.18，95%CI =（1.24，3.81））以及将盐暴露在阳光下（AOR = 0.39，95%CI =（0.23，0.65））均有显著关联。
在该地区，碘盐的充分使用率较低。因此，有必要执行现行法律，要求商家销售加碘袋装盐，并向社区传授如何处理碘盐。
