Mesfin Belaynew, Misganaw Bisrat, Hunegnaw Melkamu Tamir, Muhammad Esmael Ali
Department of Human Nutrition, Institute of Public Health, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia.
University of Gondar, College of Medicine and Health Science, Department of Epidemiology and Bio-statistics, Gondar, Ethiopia.
J Nutr Metab. 2020 Oct 23;2020:3695952. doi: 10.1155/2020/3695952. eCollection 2020.
In Ethiopia, iodine deficiency disorder (IDD) is a major public health problem. The most visible effect of IDD is the appearance of goiters, and 28 million people are affected by goiter. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the prevalence and associated factors of goiter among high school adolescent girls at Tach Armachiho district, Northwest Ethiopia.
An institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted from October to November 2018. A total of 620 high school adolescent girls were selected using the simple random sampling technique, and structured questionnaires having observational check-list were used for data collection. The presence of goiter was estimated using criteria set by World Health Organization. Iodine content of the salt was estimated by using spot testing kits. Both bivariable and multivariable logistic regressions were used to identify associated factors. The degree of association between independent and dependent variables was assessed by using odds ratio with 95% confidence interval. Those variables having value of less than 0.05 in the multivariable analysis were considered as significant factors for goiter.
A total of 614 adolescent girls gave a complete response. The prevalence of goiter among adolescent girls was 24.1%. In the multivariable logistic regression analysis, age of adolescent girls (adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 1.57, 95% CI: 1.01-2.46), residence (AOR = 1.91, 95% CI: 1.04-3.51), family history (AOR = 4.96, 95% CI: 3.19, 7.72), low dietary diversity (AOR = 8.39, 95% CI: 4.36-16.14), and medium dietary diversity (AOR = 2.26, 95% CI: 1.36-3.77) were significantly associated with adolescent girls goiter.
Goiter among high school adolescent girls in this study was high. Age of adolescent, residence, family history of goiter, and dietary diversity were statistically significant factors for goiter. Therefore, more emphasis will be given for late adolescent age, having family history of goiter, low dietary diversity, and rural residence to improve the burden of adolescent goiter.
在埃塞俄比亚，碘缺乏症（IDD）是一个主要的公共卫生问题。碘缺乏症最明显的影响是甲状腺肿的出现，有2800万人受到甲状腺肿的影响。因此，本研究旨在评估埃塞俄比亚西北部塔奇阿尔马奇霍区高中青春期女孩甲状腺肿的患病率及相关因素。
2018年10月至11月进行了一项基于机构的横断面研究。使用简单随机抽样技术共选取了620名高中青春期女孩，并使用带有观察检查表的结构化问卷进行数据收集。根据世界卫生组织设定的标准估计甲状腺肿的存在情况。使用现场检测试剂盒估计盐中的碘含量。采用双变量和多变量逻辑回归来确定相关因素。通过使用95%置信区间的比值比评估自变量和因变量之间的关联程度。在多变量分析中，P值小于0.05的变量被视为甲状腺肿的显著因素。
共有614名青春期女孩给出了完整答复。青春期女孩甲状腺肿的患病率为24.1%。在多变量逻辑回归分析中，青春期女孩的年龄（调整后的比值比（AOR）=1.57，95%置信区间：1.01 - 2.46）、居住地（AOR = 1.91，95%置信区间：1.04 - 3.51）、家族病史（AOR = 4.96，95%置信区间：3.19，7.72）、低饮食多样性（AOR = 8.39，95%置信区间：4.36 - 16.14）和中等饮食多样性（AOR = 2.26，95%置信区间：1.36 - 3.77）与青春期女孩甲状腺肿显著相关。
本研究中高中青春期女孩的甲状腺肿患病率较高。青春期年龄、居住地、甲状腺肿家族病史和饮食多样性是甲状腺肿的统计学显著因素。因此，将更加重视青春期晚期、有甲状腺肿家族病史、低饮食多样性和农村居住地的情况，以改善青春期甲状腺肿的负担。
