Division of Immunology and Allergy, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Dermatological Allergology, Allergie-Centrum-Charité, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany.
Allergy. 2022 Jan;77(1):83-99. doi: 10.1111/all.14881. Epub 2021 May 20.
Mast cells are (in)famous for their role in allergic diseases, but the physiological and pathophysiological roles of this ingenious cell are still not fully understood. Mast cells are important for homeostasis and surveillance of the human system, recognizing both endogenous and exogenous agents, which induce release of a variety of mediators acting on both immune and non-immune cells, including nerve cells, fibroblasts, endothelial cells, smooth muscle cells, and epithelial cells. During recent years, clinical and experimental studies on human mast cells, as well as experiments using animal models, have resulted in many discoveries that help decipher the function of mast cells in health and disease. In this review, we focus particularly on new insights into mast cell biology, with a focus on mast cell development, recruitment, heterogeneity, and reactivity. We also highlight the development in our understanding of mast cell-driven diseases and discuss the development of novel strategies to treat such conditions.
肥大细胞以其在过敏性疾病中的作用而闻名，但这种巧妙细胞的生理和病理生理作用仍未完全被理解。肥大细胞对人体系统的稳态和监测很重要，它们可以识别内源性和外源性物质，诱导多种介质的释放，这些介质作用于免疫和非免疫细胞，包括神经细胞、成纤维细胞、内皮细胞、平滑肌细胞和上皮细胞。近年来，对人类肥大细胞的临床和实验研究以及使用动物模型的实验，产生了许多有助于阐明肥大细胞在健康和疾病中的功能的发现。在这篇综述中，我们特别关注肥大细胞生物学的新见解，重点是肥大细胞的发育、募集、异质性和反应性。我们还强调了我们对肥大细胞驱动疾病的理解的发展，并讨论了治疗这些疾病的新策略的发展。
