Oklahoma State University, Tulsa, OK, USA.
Dev Psychopathol. 2021 May;33(2):533-544. doi: 10.1017/S0954579420001595.
Numerous developmental scholars have been influenced by the research, policies, and thinking of the late Edward Zigler, who was instrumental in founding Head Start and Early Head Start. In line with the research and advocacy work of Zigler, we discuss two models that support the development of the whole child. We begin by reviewing how adverse and protective experiences "get under the skin" and affect developmental trajectories and risk and resilience processes. We then present research and examples of how experiences affect the whole child, the heart and the head (social, emotional, cognitive, and physical development), and consider development within context and across domains. We discuss examples of interventions that strengthen nurturing relationships as the mechanism of change. We offer a public health perspective on promoting optimal development through nurturing relationships and access to resources during early childhood. We end with a discussion of the myth that our current society is child-focused and argue for radical, essential change to make promoting optimal development for all children the cornerstone of our society.
许多发展学者都受到已故爱德华·齐格勒（Edward Zigler）的研究、政策和思想的影响，他是“开端计划”（Head Start）和“早期开端计划”（Early Head Start）的创始人之一。我们遵循齐格勒的研究和倡导工作，讨论了两个支持儿童全面发展的模式。首先，我们回顾了不良和保护经验是如何“深入影响”并影响发展轨迹和风险与适应过程的。然后，我们介绍了经验如何影响儿童整体发展（社会、情感、认知和身体发展）的研究和实例，并考虑了发展的背景和跨领域情况。我们讨论了通过加强培育关系作为变革机制的干预实例。我们从公共卫生的角度出发，提倡通过在幼儿期建立培育关系和提供资源来促进最佳发展。最后，我们讨论了当前社会以儿童为中心的这一说法，并主张进行根本性的、必要的变革，使促进所有儿童的最佳发展成为我们社会的基石。
