School of Geography and the Environment, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QY, UK.
578987Public Health Scotland, Edinburgh, Scotland.
J R Soc Med. 2021 Aug;114(8):389-399. doi: 10.1177/01410768211011742. Epub 2021 May 6.
In most countries, life expectancy at birth (e0) has improved for many decades. Recently, however, progress has stalled in the UK and Canada, and reversed in the USA. Lifespan variation, a complementary measure of mortality, increased a few years before the reversal in the USA. To assess whether this measure offers additional meaningful insights, we examine what happened in four other high-income countries with differing life expectancy trends.
We calculated life disparity (a specific measure of lifespan variation) in five countries -- USA, UK, France, Japan and Canada -- using sex- and age specific mortality rates from the Human Mortality Database from 1975 to 2017 for ages 0--100 years. We then examined trends in age-specific mortality to identify the age groups contributing to these changes.
USA, UK, France, Japan and Canada.
aggregate population data of the above nations.
Life expectancy at birth, life disparity and age-specific mortality.
The stalls and falls in life expectancy, for both males and females, seen in the UK, USA and Canada coincided with rising life disparity. These changes may be driven by worsening mortality in middle-age (such as at age 40). France and Japan, in contrast, continue on previous trajectories.
Life disparity is an additional summary measure of population health providing information beyond that signalled by life expectancy at birth alone.
在大多数国家，出生时预期寿命（e0）已经提高了几十年。然而，最近英国和加拿大的进展停滞不前，美国的预期寿命甚至出现了逆转。寿命变化是衡量死亡率的补充指标，在美国预期寿命逆转前几年就出现了增长。为了评估这一指标是否提供了更多有意义的见解，我们考察了其他四个具有不同预期寿命趋势的高收入国家的情况。
我们使用 1975 年至 2017 年人类死亡率数据库中按性别和年龄划分的死亡率，计算了美国、英国、法国、日本和加拿大五个国家的生命差异（衡量寿命变化的特定指标），年龄范围为 0-100 岁。然后，我们检查了年龄特定死亡率的趋势，以确定导致这些变化的年龄组。
美国、英国、法国、日本和加拿大。
上述国家的总人口数据。
出生时的预期寿命、生命差异和年龄特定死亡率。
英国、美国和加拿大男性和女性的预期寿命停滞和下降，同时生命差异也在上升。这些变化可能是由中年（如 40 岁）死亡率恶化所驱动。相比之下，法国和日本则继续沿着之前的轨迹发展。
生命差异是衡量人口健康的另一个综合指标，提供了比出生时预期寿命单独提供的信息更丰富的信息。
