Department of Animal Sciences, Chair of Livestock Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University Munich, Freising, Germany.
Reproduction. 2021 Jun 16;162(1):F1-F10. doi: 10.1530/REP-20-0652.
For more than a century, the scientific consensus stated that a nucleus from a terminally differentiated cell would not be able to control the development of offspring. This theory was refuted by the birth of Dolly, the first animal generated by nuclear transfer using an adult somatic cell as a nuclear donor. Following this paradigm shift, a wide variety of animals has been cloned using somatic cell nuclear transfer. Coupled with modern genome engineering technology, somatic cell nuclear transfer has become the method of choice for the generation of genetically modified farm animals. This has opened new opportunities to study the function of genes and has led to the establishment of animal models for a variety of human conditions and diseases or to improve the health of livestock animals.
一个多世纪以来，科学界的共识是，终末分化细胞的细胞核无法控制后代的发育。这一理论被多利的诞生所推翻，多利是第一只通过核移植技术利用成年体细胞作为核供体而产生的动物。在这一范式转变之后，利用体细胞核移植技术已经克隆了多种动物。再加上现代基因组工程技术，体细胞核移植已经成为了生成转基因家畜的首选方法。这为研究基因功能开辟了新的机会，并导致了多种人类疾病或状况以及改善家畜健康的动物模型的建立。
