Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy.
Department of Prevention, Local Health Authority No. 1 (ASL 1), Abruzzo, Italy.
Hum Vaccin Immunother. 2022 Dec 31;18(1):1-8. doi: 10.1080/21645515.2021.1894061. Epub 2021 May 6.
Active immunization in pregnancy is recommended for the influenza and the tetanus, diphtheria, and acellular pertussis (Tdap) vaccines. Evidence indicates vaccine effectiveness in preventing influenza-related hospitalizations and pertussis in early infancy. We investigate vaccine uptake in pregnant and non-pregnant women through a sample of young women and consultant gynecologists, along with the potential predisposing and/or enabling factors affecting attitudes to vaccination (knowledge, beliefs, barriers). A cross-sectional study was conducted between June and September 2019, with a sample of 251 women and 14 consultant gynecologists at the Local Health Authority (ASL01) of the Abruzzo Region (Italy), using an anonymous, self-report questionnaire survey. Among the participants, 5.6% of women had received influenza vaccination, 16.4% had received Tdap during pregnancy and only 1.2% had received both vaccines. The assessment of the psychometric attitudinal variables has suggested a more positive willingness to receive Tdap than influenza vaccine among women, as the former is considered more important for the maternal and neonatal health. Health care workers have reported vaccine safety concerns, lack of information, and misconceptions about the need for vaccination as barriers to immunization in pregnant women. The results of this study will contribute to defining the goals and strategies to increase vaccine uptake under the current recommendations, through promoting effective training programs for all health care workers involved (gynecologists, obstetricians, public health physicians).
建议孕妇接种流感疫苗和破伤风、白喉和无细胞百日咳（Tdap）疫苗。有证据表明，疫苗在预防流感相关住院和婴儿早期百日咳方面具有有效性。我们通过对年轻女性和顾问妇科医生的样本，以及影响接种态度的潜在促成因素和/或促进因素（知识、信念、障碍），调查了孕妇和非孕妇对疫苗的接种率。这是一项在 2019 年 6 月至 9 月期间进行的横断面研究，在意大利阿布鲁佐地区（Abruzzo Region）的地方卫生局（ASL01），对 251 名女性和 14 名顾问妇科医生进行了调查，采用匿名的自我报告问卷调查。在参与者中，5.6%的女性接种了流感疫苗，16.4%的女性在怀孕期间接种了 Tdap，只有 1.2%的女性接种了这两种疫苗。对心理态度变量的评估表明，女性对 Tdap 的接种意愿比流感疫苗更为积极，因为前者被认为对母婴健康更为重要。卫生保健工作者报告了疫苗安全问题、缺乏信息以及对孕妇接种疫苗必要性的误解，这些都是孕妇免疫接种的障碍。这项研究的结果将有助于根据当前的建议确定提高疫苗接种率的目标和策略，方法是为所有相关卫生保健工作者（妇科医生、产科医生、公共卫生医生）提供有效的培训计划。
