Estación Experimental Agraria Pucallpa, Dirección de Desarrollo Tecnológico Agrario, Instituto Nacional de Innovación Agraria (INIA), Coronel Portillo, Ucayali, Perú.
Centro Experimental La Molina, Dirección de Recursos Genéticos y Biotecnología, Instituto Nacional de Innovación Agraria (INIA), Lima, Perú.
PLoS One. 2021 May 6;16(5):e0250445. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0250445. eCollection 2021.
The African oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq) is a crop that is widely distributed in tropical regions around the world; however, this crop is subject to limitations such as rapid trunk growth and susceptibility to bud rot and red ring diseases particularly in South America. To overcome these limitations, national breeding and conservation programs have been established, and there is a need to identify parental palms from natural populations of the American oil palm (E. oleifera H.B.K. Cortes) with desirable yield and morphological traits (i.e., yield production and bunch number) and with high genetic diversity. However, in Peru the morphological and genetic data related to this important crop is limited. In this study, we characterized the morphological and yield and estimated the genetic diversity using 12 neutral microsatellite markers (simple sequence repeats, SSRs) across 72 oil palm individuals belonging to the E. oleifera germplasm collection located in the tropical region of Ucayali, Peru. Our results showed that morphological and yield traits explained approximately 40.39% of the variability within the Peruvian germplasm. Furthermore, Yield Production was highly correlated with two yield traits: Bunch Number (0.67) and Average weight per bunch (0.78). Based on the yield and morphological traits, a clustering analysis was performed and three phenotypic groups were identified (1, 2 and 3) in which groups 1 and 3 showed high scores associated primarily with yield traits. Microsatellite markers revealed 143 alleles, 11.92 ± 4.72 alleles per locus (A) and an expected heterozygosity (He) of 0.69 ± 0.045. A structural analysis identified three populations (k = 3), that were not related to the phenotypic groups. Interestingly, a multiple allele background was identified within the groups using multilocus and phylogenetic relationship analyses. This is the first Peruvian report regarding E. oleifera that shows preliminary data of the morphological and yield traits and genetic data, and highlight the importance of this information to set up future steps to national breeding strategies and improve the conservation of genetic material of E. oleifera. Overall, these novel findings could contribute to the development of the local oil palm industry in Peru.
非洲油棕（Elaeis guineensis Jacq）是一种广泛分布在世界各地热带地区的作物；然而，这种作物受到快速树干生长和易受芽腐病和红环病影响的限制，特别是在南美洲。为了克服这些限制，已经建立了国家的育种和保护计划，需要从美洲油棕（E. oleifera H.B.K. Cortes）的自然种群中鉴定出具有理想产量和形态特征（即产量和束数）以及具有高遗传多样性的亲本棕榈。然而，在秘鲁，与这种重要作物相关的形态学和遗传数据是有限的。在这项研究中，我们使用 12 个中性微卫星标记（简单序列重复，SSR）对 72 个属于厄瓜多尔乌卡亚利热带地区的 E. oleifera 种质收集的油棕个体进行了形态学和产量特征描述，并估计了遗传多样性。我们的研究结果表明，形态学和产量特征解释了秘鲁种质内约 40.39%的变异性。此外，产量与两个产量特征密切相关：束数（0.67）和每束平均重量（0.78）。基于产量和形态特征，进行了聚类分析，确定了三个表型组（1、2 和 3），其中组 1 和 3 表现出与产量特征相关的高得分。微卫星标记显示 143 个等位基因，每个位点（A）11.92±4.72 个等位基因，预期杂合度（He）为 0.69±0.045。结构分析确定了三个群体（k=3），它们与表型组没有关系。有趣的是，使用多位点和系统发育关系分析，在组内鉴定出了一个多等位基因背景。这是关于 E. oleifera 的第一个秘鲁报告，显示了形态和产量特征以及遗传数据的初步数据，并强调了这些信息对制定未来的国家育种策略和改善 E. oleifera 遗传物质保护的重要性。总的来说，这些新发现可能有助于秘鲁当地油棕产业的发展。
