Instituto Español de Oceanografía, Centro Oceanografico de Baleares, Muelle de Poniente S/n, 07015, Palma de Mallorca, Balearic Islands, Spain.
Instituto Español de Oceanografía, Centro Oceanografico de Baleares, Muelle de Poniente S/n, 07015, Palma de Mallorca, Balearic Islands, Spain.
Chemosphere. 2021 Oct;280:130575. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.130575. Epub 2021 Apr 24.
Aquaculture is a potential source of microplastics (MPs) that could be strong stressors for marine organisms. In this study, we evaluated the effects of MPs derived from aquaculture in antioxidant defences and oxidative stress markers in gills of Mytilus galloprovincialis. Mussels were distributed in three areas with different impacts: inside aquaculture cages, Control 1 (located inside Andratx harbour) and Control 2 (located in a no-anthropized area). Samples were obtained along three different time periods in May (T), July (T) and in September (T). At each sampling period, mussels' biometric measurements were taken, and tissue samples were kept frozen for biochemical determinations and to determine the intake of MPs. An increase in MPs intake was detected throughout the study, and this increase was significantly higher in samples from the aquaculture cages. Similarly, antioxidant enzyme activities (catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione reductase and glutathione peroxidase) were significantly higher in samples from cages at T. Additionally, a similar tendency was observed in glutathione-s-transferase, with a higher activity in the aquaculture cages at T and T. Malondialdehyde and carbonyl protein derivates as a marker of oxidative damage were also measured and samples from aquaculture cages presented higher oxidative stress markers, mainly in T. In conclusion, living in environments exposed to aquaculture activities at sea may imply a higher intake of MPs which in turn might cause an antioxidant response in M. galloprovincialis which is not enough to avoid oxidative damage.
水产养殖是微塑料（MPs）的潜在来源，可能对海洋生物造成强烈的压力。在这项研究中，我们评估了水产养殖来源的 MPs 对贻贝鳃中抗氧化防御和氧化应激标志物的影响。贻贝分布在三个受不同影响的区域：水产养殖笼内、对照 1（位于安德拉克斯港内）和对照 2（位于无人为干扰的区域）。在 5 月（T）、7 月（T）和 9 月（T）三个不同时期采集样本。在每个采样期，都测量了贻贝的生物计量学指标，并将组织样本冷冻保存，用于生化测定和确定 MPs 的摄入量。研究过程中发现 MPs 摄入量不断增加，且笼内样本的增加幅度明显更高。同样，在 T 时，笼内样本中的抗氧化酶活性（过氧化氢酶、超氧化物歧化酶、谷胱甘肽还原酶和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶）显著升高。谷胱甘肽-s-转移酶也呈现出类似的趋势，在 T 和 T 时，笼内样本的活性更高。还测量了丙二醛和羰基蛋白衍生物作为氧化损伤的标志物，笼内样本的氧化应激标志物更高，主要在 T 时。总之，生活在暴露于海上水产养殖活动的环境中可能意味着摄入更多的 MPs，这反过来又可能导致贻贝产生抗氧化反应，但不足以避免氧化损伤。
