United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Animal Parasitic Diseases Laboratory, Beltsville, MD 20705-2350, USA.
United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Animal Parasitic Diseases Laboratory, Beltsville, MD 20705-2350, USA.
Res Vet Sci. 2021 May;136:631-641. doi: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2021.04.017. Epub 2021 Apr 16.
Toxoplasma gondii infections are common in humans and animals worldwide. The present review summarizes worldwide information on the prevalence of clinical and subclinical infections, epidemiology, diagnosis, and genetic diversity of T. gondii in non-human primates (NHP) for the past decade. Seroprevalence estimates of T. gondii worldwide were tabulated for each host. Risk factors associated with T. gondii infections are evaluated. New World NHP in captivity are highly susceptible to T. gondii infection with high mortality associated with disseminated toxoplasmosis. T. gondii can be transmitted to NHP in contact with symptomatic NHP. Therefore, precautions should be taken to prevent transmission of T. gondii to humans while handling symptomatic NHP. There were no reports of clinical toxoplasmosis in Old World NHP. Among the different genera of New World NHP, susceptibility to clinical toxoplasmosis varies a great deal; however, factors affecting this susceptibility are not fully understood. Genetic characteristics of T. gondii strains from monkeys is summarized.
刚地弓形虫感染在全球范围内的人类和动物中很常见。本综述总结了过去十年中有关非人灵长类动物（NHP）中临床和亚临床感染的流行率、流行病学、诊断和遗传多样性的全球信息。为每个宿主列出了刚地弓形虫感染的血清流行率估计值。评估了与刚地弓形虫感染相关的危险因素。圈养的新世界 NHP 极易受到刚地弓形虫感染，播散性弓形虫病与之相关的死亡率很高。刚地弓形虫可以通过与有症状的 NHP 接触传播给 NHP。因此，在处理有症状的 NHP 时，应采取预防措施，防止刚地弓形虫传播给人类。在旧世界 NHP 中没有报告临床弓形虫病。在新世界 NHP 的不同属中，对临床弓形虫病的易感性差异很大；然而，影响这种易感性的因素尚不完全清楚。总结了来自猴子的刚地弓形虫株的遗传特征。
