Section of Digestive Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut.
Semin Liver Dis. 2021 May;41(2):206-212. doi: 10.1055/s-0041-1728663. Epub 2021 May 6.
Translational studies in human cholestatic diseases have for years been hindered by various challenges, including the rarity of the disorders, the difficulty in obtaining biliary tissue from across the spectrum of the disease stage, and the difficulty culturing and maintaining primary cholangiocytes. Organoid technology is increasingly being viewed as a technological breakthrough in translational medicine as it allows the culture and biobanking of self-organizing cells from various sources that facilitate the study of pathophysiology and therapeutics, including from individual patients in a personalized approach. This review describes current research using biliary organoids for the study of human cholestatic diseases and the emerging applications of organoids to regenerative medicine directed at the biliary tree. Challenges and possible solutions to the current hurdles in this emerging field, particularly the need for standardization of terminology and clarity on source materials and techniques, are also discussed.
多年来，人类胆汁淤积性疾病的转化研究一直受到各种挑战的阻碍，包括疾病的罕见性、从疾病各个阶段获得胆汁组织的困难，以及培养和维持原代胆管细胞的困难。类器官技术越来越被视为转化医学的技术突破，因为它允许从各种来源培养和储存自组织细胞，从而促进病理生理学和治疗学的研究，包括从个体化患者的个性化方法中进行研究。这篇综述描述了目前使用胆管类器官研究人类胆汁淤积性疾病的研究，以及类器官在针对胆管树的再生医学中的新兴应用。还讨论了当前这个新兴领域中存在的挑战和可能的解决方案，特别是对术语标准化以及对来源材料和技术的明确性的需求。
