Conflating marginal and conditional treatment effects: Comments on "Assessing the performance of population adjustment methods for anchored indirect comparisons: A simulation study".

In this commentary, we highlight the importance of: (1) carefully considering and clarifying whether a marginal or conditional treatment effect is of interest in a population-adjusted indirect treatment comparison; and (2) developing distinct methodologies for estimating the different measures of effect. The appropriateness of each methodology depends on the preferred target of inference.