Noddeland H, Winkel J
Royal Norwegian Air Force Institute of Aviation Medicine, Oslo.
Eur J Appl Physiol Occup Physiol. 1988;57(4):409-14. doi: 10.1007/BF00417985.
Prolonged immobilization in an upright position often leads to discomfort and oedema in the feet of otherwise healthy subjects. To determine the significance of leg activity and ambient pressure on oedema formation, skin temperature (Tsk) and discomfort, 6 volunteers sat for 8 h with one leg immobilized and the other spontaneously active; one day at "sea level" (750 mmHg) and one day at reduced barometric pressure (540 mmHg). Foot swelling was measured by water plethysmography. Leg movements were continuously monitored by a Vitalog computer, and foot discomfort was estimated by analog-visual scales. The 8 hour swelling averaged 5.7% in the inactive foot, and 2.7% in the active foot (p less than 0.001). Tsk of the inactive foot levelled off towards ambient temperature (21 degrees C) within 4 h. For the active foot this fall was reduced by 2-3 degrees C (p less than 0.025). The increase in foot discomfort during the day was lowest in the active foot (p less than 0.005). High foot Tsk was associated with a high foot swelling rate. Reduced ambient barometric pressure had no effects on foot swelling or Tsk. It is concluded that modest leg activity during 8 h of sitting has several effects on the circulation in the feet: some effects promote and some prevent oedema formation. However, the net result is a reduction in foot swelling.
健康受试者长时间保持直立位固定不动，常导致足部不适和水肿。为了确定腿部活动和环境压力对水肿形成、皮肤温度（Tsk）及不适的影响，6名志愿者一条腿固定不动，另一条腿自然活动，持续坐8小时；一天在“海平面”（750 mmHg）环境下，另一天在气压降低（540 mmHg）环境下。通过水容积描记法测量足部肿胀情况。通过Vitalog计算机持续监测腿部运动，并用模拟视觉量表评估足部不适。8小时内，固定不动的足部肿胀平均为5.7%，活动的足部肿胀平均为2.7%（p<0.001）。固定不动的足部皮肤温度在4小时内趋于环境温度（21℃）。活动的足部皮肤温度下降幅度减少2 - 3℃（p<0.025）。一天中，活动的足部不适增加最少（p<0.005）。足部皮肤温度高与足部肿胀率高相关。环境气压降低对足部肿胀或皮肤温度无影响。研究得出结论，坐8小时期间适度的腿部活动对足部循环有多种影响：有些影响促进水肿形成，有些则防止水肿形成。然而，最终结果是足部肿胀减轻。
