Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil.
Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil; Experimental Medicine Research Cluster (EMRC), University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil; Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center (OCRC), University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil.
Free Radic Biol Med. 2021 Sep;173:170-187. doi: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2021.05.004. Epub 2021 May 7.
Extracellular microRNAs (miRNAs) have emerged as important mediators of cell-to-cell communication and intertissue crosstalk. MiRNAs are produced by virtually all types of eukaryotic cells and can be selectively packaged and released to the extracellular medium, where they may reach distal cells to regulate gene expression cell non-autonomously. By doing so, miRNAs participate in integrative physiology. Oxidative stress affects miRNA expression, while miRNAs control redox signaling. Disruption in miRNA expression, processing or release to the extracellular compartment are associated with aging and a number of chronic diseases, such as obesity, type 2 diabetes, neurodegenerative diseases and cancer, all of them being conditions related to oxidative stress. Here we discuss the interplay between redox balance and miRNA function and secretion as a determinant of health and disease states, reviewing the findings that support this notion and highlighting novel and yet understudied venues of research in the field.
细胞外 microRNAs（miRNAs）已成为细胞间通讯和组织间串扰的重要介质。miRNAs 几乎由所有类型的真核细胞产生，可被选择性包装并释放到细胞外环境中，从而到达远端细胞，以非自主方式调节基因表达。通过这种方式，miRNAs 参与了整合生理学。氧化应激会影响 miRNA 的表达，而 miRNA 则控制氧化还原信号。miRNA 表达、加工或释放到细胞外区室的中断与衰老和许多慢性疾病有关，如肥胖症、2 型糖尿病、神经退行性疾病和癌症，这些疾病都与氧化应激有关。在这里，我们讨论了氧化还原平衡和 miRNA 功能及分泌之间的相互作用作为健康和疾病状态的决定因素，回顾了支持这一观点的研究结果，并强调了该领域中新颖且研究甚少的研究方向。
