Nash Family Department of Neuroscience and Friedman Brain Institute, The Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, The Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
Neuroscientist. 2023 Feb;29(1):97-116. doi: 10.1177/10738584211011979. Epub 2021 May 8.
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder that has been recognized for over 200 years by its clinically dominant motor system impairment. There are prominent non-motor symptoms as well, and among these, psychiatric symptoms of depression and anxiety and cognitive impairment are common and can appear earlier than motor symptoms. Although the neurobiology underlying these particular PD-associated non-motor symptoms is not completely understood, the identification of PARK genes that contribute to hereditary and sporadic PD has enabled genetic models in animals that, in turn, have fostered ever deepening analyses of cells, synapses, circuits, and behaviors relevant to non-motor psychiatric and cognitive symptoms of human PD. Moreover, while it has long been recognized that inflammation is a prominent component of PD, recent studies demonstrate that brain-immune signaling crosstalk has significant modulatory effects on brain cell and synaptic function in the context of psychiatric symptoms. This review provides a focused update on such progress in understanding the neurobiology of PD-related non-motor psychiatric and cognitive symptoms.
帕金森病（PD）是一种进行性神经退行性疾病，其临床表现主要为运动系统障碍，已有 200 多年的历史。此外，还存在明显的非运动症状，其中抑郁和焦虑等精神症状以及认知障碍较为常见，且可能早于运动症状出现。尽管这些特定的 PD 相关非运动症状的神经生物学基础尚未完全阐明，但对导致遗传性和散发性 PD 的 PARK 基因的鉴定，使得动物的遗传模型得以建立，进而促进了对与人类 PD 的非运动性精神和认知症状相关的细胞、突触、回路和行为的深入分析。此外，虽然人们早就认识到炎症是 PD 的一个突出组成部分，但最近的研究表明，脑免疫信号转导在精神症状的背景下对脑细胞和突触功能具有显著的调节作用。本综述重点介绍了在理解 PD 相关非运动性精神和认知症状的神经生物学方面的这一进展。
