Mendoza-Pérez Samuel, Guzmán-Gómez Mauricia Betzabeth, García-Gómez Rolando Salvador, Ordaz-Nava Guillermo, Gracia-Mora María Isabel, Macías-Rosales Lucía, Morales-Rico Héctor, Salas-Garrido Gerardo, Durán-Domínguez-de-Bazúa María Del Carmen
Laboratories of Environmental Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Complex E, Building E-3 Food and Environmental Chemistry, Laboratories 301, 302, 303, Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Chemistry (Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Facultad de Química, Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Laboratorios de Ingeniería Química Ambiental y de Química Ambiental, Conjunto E, Edificio E-3 Alimentos y Química Ambiental, Laboratorios 301, 302, 303, in Spanish), UNAM, Circuito de la Investigación Científica s/n, Ciudad Universitaria, 04510 Mexico City, Mexico.
INCMNSZ, Department of Nutrition Physiology, Molecular Nutrition Area (Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición "Salvador Zubirán", INCMNSZ, Departamento de Fisiología de la Nutrición, Área de Nutrición Molecular, in Spanish), National Institute of Medical Sciences and Nutrition "Salvador Zubirán", 14030 Mexico City, Mexico.
J Food Sci Technol. 2021 Jun;58(6):2349-2359. doi: 10.1007/s13197-020-04746-2. Epub 2020 Sep 10.
It has been suggested that the consumption of artificial sweeteners is related to greater body mass gain and diverse metabolic alterations. In this study, the effect of chronic consumption of nutritive sweeteners (fructose 7% and sucrose 10%) and non-nutritive or low-calorie sweeteners (acesulfame 0.015%, aspartame 0.3%, aspartame:acesulfame mixture 0.04%, saccharin 0.3%, and sucralose 0.19%), in drinking water, as well as a control group with no sweeteners, was evaluated. Body mass gain and glucose, insulin, triglycerides, and total cholesterol levels in blood were the parameters considered. For this purpose, 120 weaned male Wistar rats of the HsdHan:WIST line were used, 15 per group in first stage, then 10 and 5 per group for 2nd and 3rd stages, respectively. Body mass gain, food intake, and beverage consumption were daily quantified. After 104, 197, and 288 days of experimentation the concentrations of glucose, triglycerides, cholesterol, and insulin were determined. Only in the first stage there were significant differences in the body mass gain. In the three stages there were significant differences in the patterns of beverage intake and food consumption. The trend was the same in all 3 stages: rats drank more in the groups of drinks sweetened with nutritive sweeteners and ate more in the groups that drank non-nutritive artificial sweeteners. Regarding the biochemical profile, no sweetener either nutritive or non-nutritive caused that the serum levels of glucose, triglycerides, and cholesterol were at pathological levels. It is concluded that the sweeteners by themselves can modify certain biochemical parameters but not at a pathological level. Furthermore, by themselves they are not capable of triggering excess of body mass or obesity in the early and medium stages of life when consumed together with a balanced diet.
有人认为，食用人工甜味剂与体重增加和多种代谢改变有关。在本研究中，评估了长期饮用含营养性甜味剂（7%果糖和10%蔗糖）、非营养性或低热量甜味剂（0.015%安赛蜜、0.3%阿斯巴甜、0.04%阿斯巴甜与安赛蜜混合物、0.3%糖精和0.19%三氯蔗糖）的饮用水的效果，以及一个不添加甜味剂的对照组。所考虑的参数包括体重增加以及血液中的葡萄糖、胰岛素、甘油三酯和总胆固醇水平。为此，使用了120只断奶的HsdHan:WIST品系雄性Wistar大鼠，第一阶段每组15只，第二阶段和第三阶段每组分别为10只和5只。每天对体重增加、食物摄入量和饮料消耗量进行量化。在实验104、197和288天后，测定葡萄糖、甘油三酯、胆固醇和胰岛素的浓度。仅在第一阶段体重增加存在显著差异。在三个阶段中，饮料摄入量和食物消耗模式均存在显著差异。所有三个阶段的趋势相同：饮用含营养性甜味剂的饮料组大鼠饮水量更多，饮用非营养性人工甜味剂的组大鼠食物摄入量更多。关于生化指标，无论是营养性还是非营养性甜味剂，均未导致血清葡萄糖、甘油三酯和胆固醇水平达到病理水平。结论是，甜味剂本身可改变某些生化参数，但未达到病理水平。此外，当与均衡饮食一起食用时，它们本身在生命的早期和中期阶段无法引发体重超标或肥胖。
