Ahmadi Forooshani Sayedhabibollah, Murray Kate, Khawaja Nigar, Izadikhah Zahra
School of Psychology and Counselling, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
School of Psychology and Counselling, University of Southern Queensland, Ipswich, QLD, Australia.
Front Psychol. 2021 Apr 20;12:666807. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.666807. eCollection 2021.
Past research has highlighted the role of trauma in social adjustment problems, but little is known about the underlying process. This is a barrier to developing effective interventions for social adjustment of traumatized individuals. The present study addressed this research gap through a cognitive model. A total of 604 young adults (aged 18-24; living in Australia) from different backgrounds (refugee, non-refugee immigrant, and Australian) were assessed through self-report questionnaires. The data were analyzed through path analysis and multivariate analysis of variance. Two path analyses were conducted separately for migrant (including non-refugee and refugee immigrants) and Australian groups. Analyses indicated that cognitive avoidance and social problem solving can significantly mediate the relation between trauma and social adjustment ( < 0.05). The model explaining this process statistically fit the data (e.g., NFI, TLI, CFI > 0.95). According to the model, reacting to trauma by cognitive avoidance (i.e., chronic thought suppression and over-general autobiographical memory) can disturb the cognitive capacities that are required for social problem solving. Consequently, a lack of effective social problem solving significantly hinders social adjustment. There were no significant differences among the Australian, non-refugee immigrant and refugee participants on the dependent variables. Moreover, the hypothesized links between the variables was confirmed similarly for both migrant (including refugee and non-refugee immigrants) and Australian groups. The findings have important implications for interventions targeting the social adjustment of young individuals. We assert that overlooking the processes identified in this study, can hinder the improvement of social adjustment in young adults with a history of trauma. Recommendations for future research and practice are discussed.
过去的研究强调了创伤在社会适应问题中的作用，但对其潜在过程却知之甚少。这是为受过创伤的个体制定有效的社会适应干预措施的一个障碍。本研究通过一个认知模型填补了这一研究空白。通过自我报告问卷对来自不同背景（难民、非难民移民和澳大利亚人）的604名年轻成年人（年龄在18 - 24岁；生活在澳大利亚）进行了评估。数据通过路径分析和多变量方差分析进行分析。分别对移民群体（包括非难民和难民移民）和澳大利亚群体进行了两次路径分析。分析表明，认知回避和社会问题解决能力能够显著介导创伤与社会适应之间的关系（ < 0.05）。解释这一过程的模型在统计学上与数据拟合良好（例如，NFI、TLI、CFI > 0.95）。根据该模型，通过认知回避（即长期的思维抑制和过度概括的自传体记忆）对创伤做出反应会干扰社会问题解决所需的认知能力。因此，缺乏有效的社会问题解决能力会显著阻碍社会适应。在因变量方面，澳大利亚参与者、非难民移民参与者和难民参与者之间没有显著差异。此外，对于移民群体（包括难民和非难民移民）和澳大利亚群体，变量之间的假设联系得到了类似的证实。这些发现对于针对年轻人社会适应的干预措施具有重要意义。我们断言，忽视本研究中所确定的过程，可能会阻碍有创伤史的年轻人社会适应能力的改善。文中还讨论了对未来研究和实践的建议。
