Iannotta Dalila, Yang Man, Celia Christian, Di Marzio Luisa, Wolfram Joy
Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA.
Department of Pharmacy, University of Chieti - Pescara "G d'Annunzio", Chieti, Italy.
Nano Today. 2021 Aug;39. doi: 10.1016/j.nantod.2021.101159. Epub 2021 Apr 27.
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are cell-released lipid-bilayer nanoparticles that contain biologically active cargo involved in physiological and pathological intercellular communication. In recent years, the therapeutic potential of EVs has been explored in various disease models. In particular, mesenchymal stromal cell-derived EVs have been shown to exert anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, anti-apoptotic, and pro-angiogenic properties in cardiovascular, metabolic and orthopedic conditions. However, a major drawback of EV-based therapeutics is scale-up issues due to extensive cell culture requirements and inefficient isolation protocols. An emerging alternative approach to time-consuming and costly cell culture expansion is to obtain therapeutic EVs directly from the body, for example, from plasma and adipose tissue. This review discusses isolation methods and therapeutic applications of plasma and adipose tissue-derived EVs, highlighting advantages and disadvantages compared to cell culture-derived ones.
细胞外囊泡（EVs）是细胞释放的脂质双分子层纳米颗粒，其包含参与生理和病理细胞间通讯的生物活性物质。近年来，已在各种疾病模型中探索了EVs的治疗潜力。特别是，间充质基质细胞衍生的EVs已显示在心血管、代谢和骨科疾病中具有抗炎、抗氧化、抗凋亡和促血管生成特性。然而，基于EVs的疗法的一个主要缺点是由于大量的细胞培养需求和低效的分离方案导致的放大问题。一种新兴的替代耗时且昂贵的细胞培养扩增的方法是直接从体内获取治疗性EVs，例如从血浆和脂肪组织中获取。本文综述讨论了血浆和脂肪组织衍生的EVs的分离方法和治疗应用，突出了与细胞培养衍生的EVs相比的优缺点。
