Takahashi Yuki, Takakura Yoshinobu
Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University; 46-29 Yoshida-Shimo-Adachi, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan.
Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University; 46-29 Yoshida-Shimo-Adachi, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan.
Pharmacol Ther. 2023 Feb;242:108352. doi: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2023.108352. Epub 2023 Jan 23.
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are cell-derived membrane vesicles composed of a lipid bilayer. EVs contain biological molecules, such as nucleic acids, lipids, and proteins. As these molecules are transferred to cells that receive EVs, EVs function as intercellular communication tools. EV-mediated intercellular communication is involved in various diseases, such as cancer and neurodegenerative diseases, and biological events, such as immune reactions and inflammation. Therefore, EVs are suggested to be useful as therapeutic targets for various diseases. However, an EV-based drug delivery system (DDS) that utilizes its therapeutic properties has not yet been reported. The biological activities of EVs are derived from their endogenous components; hence, they can be directly applied as drugs. In this review, the basic aspects of EVs, such as their types, methods of isolation, and in vivo behavior, are briefly summarized. Moreover, the potential of using therapeutics targeting EVs has been discussed in cancer and neurodegenerative diseases. Various therapeutics using EVs, including DDSs, are listed and their associated advantages and challenges are discussed.
细胞外囊泡（EVs）是由脂质双层组成的细胞衍生膜囊泡。EVs包含生物分子，如核酸、脂质和蛋白质。由于这些分子会转移到接收EVs的细胞中，EVs起到细胞间通讯工具的作用。EV介导的细胞间通讯参与多种疾病，如癌症和神经退行性疾病，以及生物过程，如免疫反应和炎症。因此，EVs被认为可用作多种疾病的治疗靶点。然而，尚未有利用其治疗特性的基于EV的药物递送系统（DDS）的报道。EVs的生物活性源于其内源成分；因此，它们可直接用作药物。在这篇综述中，简要总结了EVs的基本方面，如它们的类型、分离方法和体内行为。此外，还讨论了针对癌症和神经退行性疾病使用靶向EVs疗法的潜力。列出了各种使用EVs的疗法，包括DDS，并讨论了它们相关的优点和挑战。
