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[未提及的内容]以及免疫相关基因对前列腺癌的意义。 （注：原文中“Significance of and”这里“of”后面内容缺失，根据现有内容勉强补充完整翻译）

Significance of and immune-related genes to prostate cancer.

作者信息

Huang Hang, Tang Yufan, Li Ping, Ye Xueting, Chen Wei, Xie Hui, Zheng Yuancai

机构信息

Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.

出版信息

Transl Androl Urol. 2021 Apr;10(4):1754-1768. doi: 10.21037/tau-21-179.

DOI:10.21037/tau-21-179
PMID:33968663
原文链接:https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8100849/
Abstract

BACKGROUND

Prostate cancer (PCa) is one of most common male neoplasms. is the tumor suppressor gene with the highest correlation with human tumorigenesis discovered so far. Besides the TP53, immune-related genes attracted much attention since the clinical application of PD-1/PD-L1 (programmed death 1/programmed cell death-ligand 1) related drugs. There is currently a lack of studies that combine TP53 with immune-related genes to analyze the prognosis of prostate cancer patients.

METHODS

Differentially expressed genes were filtered out by R package (edgeR) based on the TCGA-PRAD (The Cancer Genome Atlas-Prostate adenocarcinoma) data set. Using the R package (coxph), we distinguished which ones were related to survival prognosis. Constructing high and low risk groups, we used GEO (Gene Expression Omnibus) data set to verify the prediction performance. Subsequently, we explored the functional differences in gene expression between high and low risk groups.

RESULTS

A total of six immune-related genes can be seen as prognostic factors in individuals with TP53 mutations. In the high-risk group, genes related to macrophage activation, epithelial cell apoptosis, and inflammation of the skin should be highly expressed. In the low-risk group, highly expressed genes are mainly involved in nucleotide phosphorylation, tRNA metabolism, and mitochondrial metabolism.

CONCLUSIONS

Mutations in the gene can adversely affect the prognosis of prostate cancer and prostate cancer patients with mutations in some immune-related genes together have a worse prognosis. Compared with any other single clinical index, the prognostic score we proposed gave a more accurate forecast. In order to assist clinicians in making predictive assessments, we have also drawn a nomogram of the prognosis of prostate cancer patients.

摘要

背景

前列腺癌（PCa）是最常见的男性肿瘤之一。是迄今为止发现的与人类肿瘤发生相关性最高的肿瘤抑制基因。除TP53外，自PD-1/PD-L1（程序性死亡蛋白1/程序性死亡配体1）相关药物临床应用以来，免疫相关基因备受关注。目前缺乏将TP53与免疫相关基因结合起来分析前列腺癌患者预后的研究。

方法

基于TCGA-PRAD（癌症基因组图谱-前列腺腺癌）数据集，通过R包（edgeR）筛选差异表达基因。使用R包（coxph），我们区分出哪些与生存预后相关。构建高风险和低风险组，我们使用GEO（基因表达综合数据库）数据集验证预测性能。随后，我们探讨了高风险和低风险组之间基因表达的功能差异。

结果

共有六个免疫相关基因可被视为TP53突变个体的预后因素。在高风险组中，与巨噬细胞活化、上皮细胞凋亡和皮肤炎症相关的基因应高表达。在低风险组中，高表达基因主要参与核苷酸磷酸化、tRNA代谢和线粒体代谢。

结论

该基因的突变会对前列腺癌的预后产生不利影响，一些免疫相关基因发生突变的前列腺癌患者预后更差。与任何其他单一临床指标相比，我们提出的预后评分给出了更准确的预测。为了协助临床医生进行预测评估，我们还绘制了前列腺癌患者预后的列线图。

https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/d318/8100849/d2165128112a/tau-10-04-1754-f17.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/d318/8100849/cc17c1ae1ec8/tau-10-04-1754-f1.jpg
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https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/d318/8100849/d2165128112a/tau-10-04-1754-f17.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/d318/8100849/cc17c1ae1ec8/tau-10-04-1754-f1.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/d318/8100849/89125a474893/tau-10-04-1754-f2.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/d318/8100849/6835bc13f6a4/tau-10-04-1754-f3.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/d318/8100849/aa469b9d2413/tau-10-04-1754-f4.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/d318/8100849/4fb0bcecec73/tau-10-04-1754-f5.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/d318/8100849/6562a0e15674/tau-10-04-1754-f6.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/d318/8100849/cf14e32ce2d8/tau-10-04-1754-f7.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/d318/8100849/a98772f15339/tau-10-04-1754-f8.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/d318/8100849/0542c45f5ce7/tau-10-04-1754-f9.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/d318/8100849/843992b42b4c/tau-10-04-1754-f10.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/d318/8100849/f6ebda30caab/tau-10-04-1754-f11.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/d318/8100849/77ced8bf8714/tau-10-04-1754-f12.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/d318/8100849/d5b932286d95/tau-10-04-1754-f13.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/d318/8100849/532692d45271/tau-10-04-1754-f14.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/d318/8100849/e9e20cd68875/tau-10-04-1754-f15.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/d318/8100849/e23b4cc80a40/tau-10-04-1754-f16.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/d318/8100849/d2165128112a/tau-10-04-1754-f17.jpg

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