Howard-Bobiwash Heather A, Joe Jennie R, Lobo Susan
Department of Anthropology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States.
Centre for Indigenous Studies, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
Front Sociol. 2021 Apr 23;6:612029. doi: 10.3389/fsoc.2021.612029. eCollection 2021.
Throughout the Americas, most Indigenous people move through urban areas and make their homes in cities. Yet, the specific issues and concerns facing Indigenous people in cities, and the positive protective factors their vibrant urban communities generate are often overlooked and poorly understood. This has been particularly so under COVID-19 pandemic conditions. In the spring of 2020, the United Nations High Commissioner Special Rapporteur on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples called for information on the impacts of COVID-19 for Indigenous peoples. We took that opportunity to provide a response focused on urban Indigenous communities in the United States and Canada. Here, we expand on that response and Indigenous and human rights lens to review policies and practices impacting the experience of COVID-19 for urban Indigenous communities. Our analysis integrates a discussion of historical and ongoing settler colonialism, and the strengths of Indigenous community-building, as these shape the urban Indigenous experience with COVID-19. Mindful of the United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples, we highlight the perspectives of Indigenous organizations which are the lifeline of urban Indigenous communities, focusing on challenges that miscounting poses to data collection and information sharing, and the exacerbation of intersectional discrimination and human rights infringements specific to the urban context. We include Indigenous critiques of the implications of structural oppressions exposed by COVID-19, and the resulting recommendations which have emerged from Indigenous urban adaptations to lockdown isolation, the provision of safety, and delivery of services grounded in Indigenous initiatives and traditional practices.
在整个美洲，大多数原住民穿梭于城市地区并在城市安家。然而，城市中的原住民面临的具体问题和关切，以及他们充满活力的城市社区所产生的积极保护因素，往往被忽视且鲜为人知。在新冠疫情期间尤其如此。2020年春天，联合国人权事务高级专员土著人民权利问题特别报告员呼吁提供有关新冠疫情对原住民影响的信息。我们借此机会提供了一份针对美国和加拿大城市原住民社区的回应。在此，我们扩展该回应，并从土著和人权视角审视影响城市原住民社区新冠疫情经历的政策和做法。我们的分析纳入了对历史上和持续存在的定居者殖民主义的讨论，以及土著社区建设的优势，因为这些塑造了城市原住民在新冠疫情中的经历。考虑到《联合国土著人民权利宣言》，我们突出了作为城市原住民社区生命线的土著组织的观点，重点关注计数错误对数据收集和信息共享造成的挑战，以及城市背景下交叉歧视和侵犯人权行为的加剧。我们纳入了土著对新冠疫情暴露的结构性压迫影响的批评，以及土著城市对封锁隔离、提供安全保障和基于土著倡议及传统做法提供服务的适应所产生的相关建议。
