Department of Psychiatry and Narcology, Institute of Public Health, Riga Stradins University, Riga, Latvia.
Faculty of Residency, Riga Stradins University, Riga, Latvia.
Nord J Psychiatry. 2021 Nov;75(8):614-623. doi: 10.1080/08039488.2021.1919200. Epub 2021 May 9.
Evidence suggests that the 2020 COVID-19 pandemic might have deleterious effects on the population's mental health and psychiatric outcomes. We examined the prevalence of depression, distress, and suicidal thoughts and their association with social and economic factors during the state of emergency in a nationwide representative sample of the general population in Latvia.
An online survey was conducted using a randomized stratified sample of the general adult population in July 2020 for 3 weeks. Distress, depression, suicidal thoughts, and self-reported changes in mental health were identified using a structured questionnaire. The statistical analysis included chi-square tests, analyses of variance, and multivariate forward-stepwise linear regressions.
The study sample included 2608 respondents. Clinical depression was present in 5.75% and distress in 7.82%. Suicidal thoughts increased in 13.30% of those with a history of clinical depression, and 27.05% of those with a history of suicidal attempts. The variables that were associated with increases in self-reported anxiety, depressive thoughts, suicidal ideation, and being currently depressed/distressed included lower general health, increased fears of contracting COVID-19 or having family members contract it and die, history of suicidality, increased family conflicts, decreased religiosity, caring for a vulnerable person. Protective factors included positive changes in family relationships and economic situation, maintaining one's basic routine, and having more people living in the household.
Further research and interventions should focus specifically on these factors. The study's findings can help to develop future strategies for management of psychological support for different groups in general population.
有证据表明，2020 年 COVID-19 大流行可能对民众的心理健康和精神健康结果产生有害影响。我们在拉脱维亚全国范围内的成年人随机分层样本中，调查了在紧急状态下抑郁症、苦恼和自杀意念的流行率及其与社会经济因素的关联。
2020 年 7 月进行了一项在线调查，使用了一个随机分层的成年人总体样本，持续了 3 周。使用结构化问卷确定苦恼、抑郁、自杀意念和自我报告的心理健康变化。统计分析包括卡方检验、方差分析和多元逐步线性回归。
研究样本包括 2608 名受访者。临床抑郁症的患病率为 5.75%，苦恼的患病率为 7.82%。有临床抑郁症病史的患者中，自杀意念增加了 13.30%，有自杀企图病史的患者中，自杀意念增加了 27.05%。与自我报告的焦虑、抑郁思维、自杀意念增加和当前抑郁/苦恼相关的变量包括整体健康状况较差、对感染 COVID-19 或家庭成员感染并死亡的恐惧增加、自杀史、家庭冲突增加、宗教信仰度降低、照顾弱势群体。保护因素包括家庭关系和经济状况的积极变化、保持基本日常生活和家中有更多人居住。
应进一步研究和干预这些因素。该研究结果有助于制定未来针对普通人群中不同群体的心理支持管理策略。
