Department of Chemistry and Chemical Processing Technologies, Tunceli Vocation School, Munzur University, Tunceli, Turkey.
Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Firat, Elazig, Turkey.
Int J Environ Health Res. 2022 Sep;32(9):1889-1896. doi: 10.1080/09603123.2021.1925635. Epub 2021 May 10.
The potential human health risks of some toxic/harmful elements related to the consumption of (L.) Zopf. were investigated. The toxic/harmful elements (cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), lead (Pb), manganese (Mn), nickel (Ni), and zinc (Zn)) were determined in . According to the analysis result, the maximum (max.) toxic/harmful element value was 62 ± 3.1 mg/kg for Mn and minimum (min.) value was 0.19 ± 0.01 mg/kg for Cd. The estimated daily exposure doses (EDEXDs) for men, women and children were dietary (bread) > dietary (tea) > dermal. For dietary (bread) and dietary (tea) non-carcinogenic (HQ) risk was children > women > men. For dermal, HQ risk was women > children > men. Hazard index (HI) value for men was >1 for Cr. HI value for men was 1.36 for Cr. HI value for women was >1 for Cr and Mn. HI values for women were 1.54 for Cr and 1.01 for Mn. Also, the HI value for children was >1 for Cr, Mn, and Pb. HI values for children were 3.44 for Cr, 2.24 for Mn, and 1.66 for Pb. This situation showed that there was a non-carcinogenic risk. Carcinogenic risk values were dietary (bread) > dietary (tea) > dermal. The total max. carcinogenic value was 1.97E-03 for Cr while the total min. carcinogenic value was 1.31E-05 for Pb. As a result, it has been determined that there may be a risk of cancer due to the consumption of lichen as bread and this situation may adversely affect human health.
研究了食用（L.）Zopf 相关的一些有毒/有害元素对人类健康的潜在风险。在 中测定了有毒/有害元素（镉（Cd）、铬（Cr）、铜（Cu）、铅（Pb）、锰（Mn）、镍（Ni）和锌（Zn））。根据分析结果，Mn 的最大（max.）有毒/有害元素值为 62 ± 3.1 mg/kg，Cd 的最小（min.）值为 0.19 ± 0.01 mg/kg。男性、女性和儿童的估计每日暴露剂量（EDEXD）分别为膳食（面包）>膳食（茶）>皮肤。对于膳食（面包）和膳食（茶），非致癌（HQ）风险是儿童>女性>男性。对于皮肤，HQ 风险是女性>儿童>男性。男性 Cr 的危险指数（HI）值大于 1。男性 Cr 的 HI 值为 1.36。女性 Cr 和 Mn 的 HI 值大于 1。女性 Cr 和 Mn 的 HI 值分别为 1.54 和 1.01。此外，儿童 Cr、Mn 和 Pb 的 HI 值大于 1。儿童 Cr、Mn 和 Pb 的 HI 值分别为 3.44、2.24 和 1.66。这种情况表明存在非致癌风险。致癌风险值分别为膳食（面包）>膳食（茶）>皮肤。Cr 的总最大致癌值为 1.97E-03，而 Pb 的总最小致癌值为 1.31E-05。因此，确定由于食用地衣作为面包而导致癌症的风险可能存在，这可能对人类健康产生不利影响。
