Department of Dermatology, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
Department of Dermatology, Allergy, and Venereology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany; Center for Research on Inflammation of the Skin (CRIS), University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.
Autoimmun Rev. 2021 Jul;20(7):102852. doi: 10.1016/j.autrev.2021.102852. Epub 2021 May 7.
Autoimmune blistering diseases are a heterogenous group of dermatological disorders characterized by blisters and erosions of the skin and/or mucous membranes induced by autoantibodies against structural proteins of the desmosome or the dermal-epidermal adhesion complex including the hemidesmosome. They consist of the two major disease groups, pemphigus and pemphigoid diseases (PPDs). The diagnosis is based on clinical findings, histopathology, direct immunofluorescence, and detection of circulating autoantibodies. The pathogenesis is not fully elucidated, prognostic factors are lacking, and to date, there is no cure for PPDs. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) represent small, non-coding RNAs that play a pivotal role in the posttranscriptional regulation of gene expression. Their dysfunction was highlighted to play a significant role in the pathogenesis of various diseases. Even though a link between miRNAs and autoimmune blistering diseases had been suggested, the research of their involvement in the pathogenesis of PPDs is still in its infancy. miRNAs hold promise for uncovering new layers in the pathogenesis of PPDs, in order to improve diagnosis and also to develop potential therapeutic options. In the current article, we provide an overview regarding current knowledge of miRNAs in terms of complex pathogenesis of PPDs, and, also, their potential role as biomarkers, predictive factors and therapeutic targets.
自身免疫性水疱病是一组异质性的皮肤科疾病，其特征为皮肤和/或黏膜的水疱和糜烂，由针对桥粒或真皮-表皮黏附复合物（包括半桥粒）结构蛋白的自身抗体引起。它们由两个主要疾病组组成，即天疱疮和类天疱疮疾病（PPD）。诊断基于临床发现、组织病理学、直接免疫荧光和循环自身抗体的检测。发病机制尚未完全阐明，缺乏预后因素，迄今为止，PPD 没有治愈方法。微小 RNA（miRNA）是一类小的非编码 RNA，在基因表达的转录后调控中发挥关键作用。它们的功能障碍被强调在各种疾病的发病机制中起着重要作用。尽管已经提出了 miRNA 与自身免疫性水疱病之间的联系，但 miRNA 参与 PPD 发病机制的研究仍处于起步阶段。miRNA 有望揭示 PPD 发病机制的新层面，以改善诊断，并开发潜在的治疗选择。在当前的文章中，我们提供了关于 miRNA 在 PPD 复杂发病机制中的当前知识的概述，以及它们作为生物标志物、预测因素和治疗靶点的潜在作用。
