Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University Medical Center of Groningen, CB20, Hanzeplein 1, 9700RB Groningen, the Netherlands; Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University Medical Centers Amsterdam, University of Amsterdam, H4, PO Box 22660, Amsterdam 1105 AZ, the Netherlands.
Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University Medical Centers Amsterdam, University of Amsterdam, H4, PO Box 22660, Amsterdam 1105 AZ, the Netherlands.
Obstet Gynecol Clin North Am. 2021 Jun;48(2):267-279. doi: 10.1016/j.ogc.2021.02.002.
Abnormal fetal growth (growth restriction and overgrowth) is associated with perinatal morbidity, mortality, and lifelong risks to health. To describe abnormal growth, "small for gestational age" and "large for gestational age" are commonly used terms. However, both are statistical definitions of fetal size below or above a certain threshold related to a reference population, rather than referring to an abnormal condition. Fetuses can be constitutionally small or large and thus healthy, whereas fetuses with seemingly normal size can be growth restricted or overgrown. Although golden standards to detect abnormal growth are lacking, understanding of both pathologic conditions has improved significantly.
胎儿生长异常（生长受限和生长过度）与围产期发病率、死亡率以及终生健康风险相关。为了描述生长异常，“小于胎龄儿”和“大于胎龄儿”是常用术语。然而，这两个术语都是指胎儿大小低于或高于与参考人群相关的某个特定阈值的统计学定义，而并非指异常情况。胎儿可能在体格上较小或较大但仍然健康，而那些大小看似正常的胎儿也可能存在生长受限或过度生长的情况。尽管缺乏检测异常生长的金标准，但对这两种病理情况的认识已经有了显著提高。
