Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, 76100 Rehovot, Israel.
Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, Department of Biology, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland.
Trends Immunol. 2021 Jun;42(6):495-507. doi: 10.1016/j.it.2021.04.007. Epub 2021 May 7.
Tissue-resident macrophages (M) have recently emerged as a key rheostat capable of regulating the balance between organ health and disease. In most organs, ontogenetically and functionally distinct macrophage subsets fulfill a plethora of functions specific to their tissue environment. In this review, we summarize recent findings regarding the ontogeny and functions of macrophage populations in different mammalian tissues, describing how these cells regulate tissue homeostasis and how they can contribute to inflammation. Furthermore, we highlight new developments concerning certain general principles of tissue macrophage biology, including the importance of metabolism for understanding macrophage activation states and the influence of intrinsic and extrinsic factors on macrophage metabolic control. We also shed light on certain open questions in the field and how answering these might pave the way for tissue-specific therapeutic approaches.
组织驻留巨噬细胞（M）最近作为一种关键的变阻器出现，能够调节器官健康和疾病之间的平衡。在大多数器官中，具有不同发生和功能的巨噬细胞亚群具有与其组织环境特异性相关的多种功能。在这篇综述中，我们总结了关于不同哺乳动物组织中巨噬细胞群体的发生和功能的最新发现，描述了这些细胞如何调节组织内稳态以及它们如何促进炎症。此外，我们强调了有关组织巨噬细胞生物学某些一般原则的新进展，包括代谢对于理解巨噬细胞激活状态的重要性以及内在和外在因素对巨噬细胞代谢控制的影响。我们还揭示了该领域的一些悬而未决的问题，以及回答这些问题如何为针对特定组织的治疗方法铺平道路。
