Cui Hongle, Wang Min, Jiao Sitan, Tian Sirui, Liu Hui, Luo Bo
Department of Parasitology, Zunyi Medical University, Guizhou, China.
School of Basic Medicine, Zunyi Medical University, Guizhou, China.
Front Immunol. 2025 Jul 17;16:1594988. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2025.1594988. eCollection 2025.
Macrophages, as a critical component of innate immune cells, exhibit significant plasticity. When confronted with danger signals such as pathogens or microenvironmental alterations, macrophages can differentiate into various phenotypes and functions to safeguard the host. However, numerous pathogens manipulate macrophage metabolic pathways to modify their functional expression, facilitating immune evasion and ensuring long-term survival during chronic infections. Therefore, the role of macrophage metabolic reprogramming in chronic infections has received growing attention. This review elucidates the primary metabolic pathways of macrophages and their association with polarization. It examines how pathogens modulate macrophage functional expression through metabolic reprogramming to sustain chronic infection. Additionally, it delineates how macrophage metabolic reprogramming in chronic infections reconfigures the microenvironment through interaction with other immune cells and its contribution to trained immunity.
巨噬细胞作为固有免疫细胞的关键组成部分，具有显著的可塑性。当面对病原体或微环境改变等危险信号时，巨噬细胞可分化为多种表型并发挥不同功能以保护宿主。然而，许多病原体操纵巨噬细胞的代谢途径来改变其功能表达，从而促进免疫逃逸并确保在慢性感染期间长期存活。因此，巨噬细胞代谢重编程在慢性感染中的作用受到了越来越多的关注。本综述阐明了巨噬细胞的主要代谢途径及其与极化的关联。探讨了病原体如何通过代谢重编程调节巨噬细胞功能表达以维持慢性感染。此外，还描述了慢性感染中巨噬细胞代谢重编程如何通过与其他免疫细胞相互作用来重塑微环境及其对训练免疫的贡献。
