State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement/JCIC-MCP, Nanjing Agricultural University, College of Agriculture, Nanjing 201195, China.
Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology / Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of Ministry of Education/, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding, Agricultural College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China.
Yi Chuan. 2021 May 20;43(5):397-424. doi: 10.16288/j.yczz.20-448.
Cytogenetics was established based on the "Chromosome theory of inheritance", proposed by Boveri and Sutton and evidenced by Morgan's lab in early stage of the 20 centrary. With rapid development of related research areas, especially molecular genetics, cytogenetics developed from traditional into a new era, molecular cytogenetics in late 1960s. Featured by an established technique named DNA in situ hybridization (ISH), molecular cytogenetics has been applied in various research areas. ISH provids vivid and straightforward figures showing the virtual presence of DNA, RNA or proteins. In combination with genomics and cell biology tools, ISH and derived techniques have been widely used in studies of the origin, evolution, domestication of human, animal and plant, as well as wide hybridization and chromosome engineering. The physical location and order of DNA sequences revealed by ISH enables the detection of chromosomal re-arrangments among related species and gaps of assembled genome sequences. In addition, ISH using RNA or protein probes can reveal the location and quantification of transcripted RNA or translated protein. Since the 1970s, scientists from universities or institutes belonging to the Jiangsu Society of Genetics have initiated cytogenetics researches using various plant species. In recent years, research platforms for molecular cytogenetics have also been well established in Nanjing Agricultural University, Yangzhou University, Nanjing Forestry University, Jiangsu Xuhuai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, and Jiangsu Normal University. The application of molecular cytogenetics in plant evolution, wide hybridization, chromosome engineering, chromosome biology, genomics has been successful. Significant progresses have been achieved, both in basic and applied researches. In this paper, we will review main research progresses of plant cytogenetics in Jiangsu province, and discuss the potential development of this research area.
细胞遗传学是基于 Boveri 和 Sutton 的“染色体遗传理论”建立的，并得到了 20 世纪早期摩根实验室的证实。随着相关研究领域的快速发展，尤其是分子遗传学的发展，细胞遗传学从传统的领域进入了一个新的时代，即 20 世纪 60 年代末的分子细胞遗传学。以 DNA 原位杂交（ISH）技术为特征的分子细胞遗传学已经应用于各个研究领域。ISH 提供了生动而直接的图像，显示了 DNA、RNA 或蛋白质的虚拟存在。与基因组学和细胞生物学工具相结合，ISH 和衍生技术已广泛应用于人类、动植物的起源、进化、驯化以及广泛杂交和染色体工程的研究。ISH 揭示的 DNA 序列的物理位置和顺序使我们能够检测相关物种之间的染色体重排以及组装基因组序列中的缺口。此外，ISH 使用 RNA 或蛋白质探针可以揭示转录 RNA 或翻译蛋白的位置和定量。自 20 世纪 70 年代以来，来自江苏省遗传学会所属大学或研究所的科学家们已经开始使用各种植物物种进行细胞遗传学研究。近年来，分子细胞遗传学的研究平台也在南京农业大学、扬州大学、南京林业大学、江苏徐淮农业科学研究院和江苏师范大学得到了很好的建立。分子细胞遗传学在植物进化、广泛杂交、染色体工程、染色体生物学、基因组学中的应用取得了成功。在基础和应用研究方面都取得了显著的进展。本文将综述江苏省植物细胞遗传学的主要研究进展，并讨论该研究领域的发展潜力。
