Environmental Science, University of Jamestown, Jamestown, ND, USA.
Hudson Bay Project Division of Vertebrate Zoology, American Museum of Natural History, New York, NY, USA.
Pest Manag Sci. 2021 Oct;77(10):4393-4399. doi: 10.1002/ps.6473. Epub 2021 May 24.
Organic pest management eschews synthetic pesticides and insecticide resistance is rarely studied in organically managed systems. Spinosad is a biologically based insecticide used widely by both organic and conventional growers. Colorado potato beetle, Leptinotarsa decemlineata, is infamous for its ability to evolve resistance to insecticides. Spinosad resistance was surveyed in conventionally managed fields in eastern New York in 2006. In response to grower reports of spinosad failure on two organic farms in 2009, resistance to spinosad was assayed in both conventionally and organically managed fields the following year, and growers were surveyed for their prior spinosad use.
In 2006, spinosad resistance measured as median lethal dose (LD ) varied 9.8-fold among the eight conventional fields sampled and a laboratory susceptible strain. In 2010, the resistance ratios of LD values relative to a laboratory susceptible strain ranged from 17.5 to 40.6 in conventionally managed fields, and from 128.7 to 5750.3 in organically managed fields, a dramatic increase from 2006 with higher resistance ratios in organically managed fields. Organic growers reported much heavier use of spinosad in the years prior to 2010.
This is the first report of high-level resistance to spinosad in Coleopterans. Selection strength due to number of years used and number of applications per season appear to have been the primary factors driving the evolution of resistance to spinosad, highlighting the need for resistance management in organic production, where fewer alternative active ingredients for resistance management are available. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
有机病虫害管理回避使用合成农药，而在有机管理系统中很少研究抗药性。多杀菌素是一种基于生物的杀虫剂，被有机和常规种植者广泛使用。科罗拉多马铃薯甲虫，Leptinotarsa decemlineata，以其能够进化出对杀虫剂的抗性而臭名昭著。2006 年，在纽约州东部的常规管理田块中调查了多杀菌素抗性。2009 年，由于两名有机农场主报告多杀菌素失效，次年在常规和有机管理田块中测定了对多杀菌素的抗性，同时对种植者进行了多杀菌素使用情况调查。
2006 年，在所采样的 8 个常规田间和一个实验室敏感品系中，多杀菌素抗性以中致死剂量（LD ）衡量，差异达 9.8 倍。2010 年，常规管理田间 LD 值相对于实验室敏感品系的抗性比值范围为 17.5 至 40.6，而有机管理田间的抗性比值范围为 128.7 至 5750.3，与 2006 年相比，有机管理田间的抗性比值显著增加，且抗性更高。有机种植者报告称，在 2010 年之前，他们大量使用多杀菌素。
这是首次报道鞘翅目昆虫对多杀菌素的高水平抗性。由于使用年限和每季使用次数的选择强度似乎是导致多杀菌素抗性进化的主要因素，这突出表明在有机生产中需要进行抗性管理，因为有机生产中可用于抗性管理的替代活性成分较少。 © 2021 化学工业协会。
